Modelling temperature and salinity in Liverpool Bay and the Irish Sea: sensitivity to model type and surface forcing

O’Neill, Clare; Polton, Jeff A.; Holt, Jason; O’Dea, Enda

doi:10.5194/osd-9-649-2012

Cited by 12 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The model has now been consistently shown to be as good as or better than its predecessor, and was for example shown by O'Neill et al (2012) to outperform a significantly higher resolution equivalent for the Liverpool Bay region. Within the Met Office the success of the NEMO-based system led to implementations in other regions, for example in the Persian Gulf region .…”

Section: Forecasting Ocean Assimilation Modelmentioning

confidence: 90%

Research priorities in support of ocean monitoring and forecasting at the Met Office

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Ocean monitoring and forecasting services are increasingly being used by a diverse community of public and commercial organizations. The Met Office, as the body responsible for severe weather prediction, has for many years been involved in providing forecasts of aspects of the marine environment. This paper describes how these have evolved to include a range of wave, surge, and ocean reanalysis, analysis, and forecasts services. To support these services, and to ensure they evolve to meet the demands of users and are based on the best available science, a number of scientific challenges need to be addressed. The paper goes on to summarize the key challenges, and highlights some priorities for the ocean monitoring and forecasting research group at the Met Office. There is a need to both develop the underpinning science of the modelling and data assimilation systems and to maximize the benefits from observations and other inputs to the systems. Systematic evaluation underpins this science, and also needs to be the focus of research.

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Section: Forecasting Ocean Assimilation Modelmentioning

confidence: 90%

Research priorities in support of ocean monitoring and forecasting at the Met Office

et al. 2016

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“…Warner et al, 2010;Sánchez-Arcilla, et al, 2014) with the highest resolution in the order of 1 -2km. The preoperational POLCOMS system for the Irish Sea similarly applies a 2 nest system, with a 12 km Atlantic Margin model (AMM), extending from 11.92 °W to 12.92 °E and 48.06 °N to 62.95 °N, and a one-way nested 1.8 km Irish Sea model (O'Neill et al, 2012). While the 1.8 km resolution model is adequate in the western Irish Sea, where the Rossby Radius varies between ~ 1 -2 km (Holt and Procter, 2003), it is too coarse to be eddy permitting in the eastern Irish Sea (Bricheno et al, 2014).…”

Section: Model Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The initial temperature and salinity conditions are imposed from the preoperational modelling suite (O'Neill et al, 2012). The long-term daily simulation of this suite at the National Oceanography Centre as part of the Liverpool Bay Coastal Observatory enables the initialisation of the models.…”

Section: Model Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…in the Rhône, Reffray et al, 2004) are often employed. In this study observations are used in combination with coastal models (Brown et al, 2015, O'Neill et al, 2012 to identify the main controls influencing the accuracy of an operational shelf sea model when applied in high resolution to a large dynamic ROFI.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both the 1.8 km and 180 m models have been proven to accurately simulate: sea surface elevation at tide gauge locations (Brown and Wolf, 2009;Brown 2010) and Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) locations ; velocity components at ADCP sites Amoudry et al, 2014;Brown et al, 2015); and the frontal position compared with sea surface temperature (SST) from satellite imagery (Bricheno et al, 2014;Hopkins and Polton, 2012), focusing particularly on the 17 th February 2008 (Bricheno et al, 2014). In the case of the 1.8 km model further validation of temperature and salinity fields has been carried against Ferry Box observations (O 'Neill et al, 2012) and Conductivity, Temperature and Depth (CTD) observations (O'Neill et al, 2012;Polton et al, 2013). Studies have also used HF radar to validate the surface currents across the bay .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of operational model nesting approaches and inherent errors for coastal simulations

et al. 2016

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A region of freshwater influence (ROFI) under hypertidal conditions is used to demonstrate inherent problems for nested operational modelling systems. Such problems can impact the accurate simulation of freshwater export within shelf seas, so must be considered in coastal ocean modelling studies. In Liverpool Bay (our UK study site), freshwater inflow from 3 large estuaries forms a coastal front that moves in response to tides and winds. The cyclic occurrence of stratification and remixing is important for the biogeochemical cycles, as nutrient and pollutant loaded freshwater is introduced into the coastal system. Validation methods, using coastal observations from fixed moorings and cruise transects, are used to assess the simulation of the ROFI, through improved spatial structure and temporal variability of the front, as guidance for best practise model setup. A structured modelling system using a 180 m grid nested within a 1.8 km grid demonstrates how compensation for error at the coarser resolution can have an adverse impact on the nested, high resolution application. Using 2008, a year of typical calm and stormy periods with variable river influence, the sensitivities of the ROFI dynamics to initial and boundary conditions are investigated. It is shown that accurate representation of the initial water column structure is important at the regional scale and that the boundary conditions are most important at the coastal scale. Although increased grid resolution captures the frontal structure, the accuracy in frontal position is determined by the offshore boundary conditions and therefore the accuracy of the coarser regional model.

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Cross-shelf exchange in the northwestern Black Sea

Zhou

Shapiro

Wobus

2014

J. Geophys. Res. Oceans

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The transports of water, heat, and salt between the northwestern shelf and deep interior of the Black Sea are investigated using a high-resolution three-dimensional primitive equation model. From April to August 2005, both onshore and offshore cross-shelf break transports in the top 20 m were 0.24 Sv on average, which is equivalent to the replacement of 60% of the volume of surface shelf waters (0-20 m) per month. Two main exchange mechanisms are studied: Ekman transport, and transport by mesoscale eddies and associated meanders of the Rim Current. The Ekman drift causes nearly uniform onshore or offshore flow over a large section of the shelf break, but it is confined to the upper layers. In contrast, eddies and meanders penetrate deep down to the bottom, but they are restricted laterally. During the strong wind events of 15-22 April and 1-4 July, some 0.66 3 10 12 and 0.44 3 10 12 m 3 of water were removed from the northwestern shelf, respectively. In comparison, the single long-lived Sevastopol Eddy generated a much larger offshore transfer of 2.84 3 10 12 m 3 over the period 23 April to 30 June, which is equivalent to 102% of the volume of northwestern shelf waters. Over the study period, salt exchanges increased the average density of the shelf waters by 0.67 kg m 23 and reduced the density contrast between the shelf and deep sea, while lateral heat exchanges reduced the density of the shelf waters by 0.16 kg m 23 and sharpened the shelf break front.

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Modelling temperature and salinity in Liverpool Bay and the Irish Sea: sensitivity to model type and surface forcing

Cited by 12 publications

References 23 publications

Research priorities in support of ocean monitoring and forecasting at the Met Office

Research priorities in support of ocean monitoring and forecasting at the Met Office

Impact of operational model nesting approaches and inherent errors for coastal simulations

Cross-shelf exchange in the northwestern Black Sea

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