The use of S-guided CREP methodology for advanced seismic structure enhancing processing

2021

Sensors

Self Cite

In this paper, we present a detailed analysis of the public data provided by low-cost sensors (LCS), which were used for spatial and temporal studies of air quality in Krakow. A PM (particulate matter) dataset was obtained in spring in 2021, during which a fairly strict lockdown was in force as a result of COVID-19. Therefore, we were able to separate the effect of solid fuel heating from other sources of background pollution, mainly caused by urban transport. Moreover, we analyzed the historical data of PM2.5 from 2010 to 2019 to show the effect of grassroots efforts and pro-clean-air legislation changes in Krakow. We designed a unique workflow with a time–spatial analysis of PM1, PM2.5, and PM10, and temperature data from Airly(c) sensors located in Krakow and its surroundings. Using geostatistical methods, we showed that Krakow’s neighboring cities are the main sources of air pollution from solid fuel heating in the city. Additionally, we showed that the changes in the law in Krakow significantly reduced the PM concentration as compared to neighboring municipalities without a fossil fuel prohibition law. Moreover, our research demonstrates that informative campaigns and education are important initiating factors in order to bring about cleaner air in the future.

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Public Data from Low-Cost Sensors for the Geospatial Analysis of Air Pollution from Solid Fuel Heating during the COVID-19 Pandemic Spring Period in Krakow, Poland

2021

Sensors

Self Cite

“…The most popular sensors in Krakow are Airly optical sensors (https://map.airly.org/). The use of local geospatial analysis methods and dedicated solutions allows for a much better understanding of many phenomena (Briggs et al, 2010;Hysenaj, 2016;Zaręba et al, 2019;Lupa et al, 2020). Based on previous research, Airly LCS accuracy in this period was very similar to the reference station measurements and this allows them to be used for geospatial analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Air Pollution Migration during COVID-19 Lockdown in Krakow, Poland

2022

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

Self Cite

The historical analysis of particulate matter (PM) concentration proved that pro-clean-air legislation and grassroots movement have a positive impact on air quality in Krakow. However, when the temperature drops in late autumn, winter, and early spring, the problem of smog still occurs in the city. In a 24-hours averaging period, the concentration of PM 10 has exceeded EU norms in 10 days in pandemic March 2021. It is estimated that 50% of the carbon fraction in PM 10 measured in Krakow comes from domestic heating. This is mostly caused by the migration of air pollutants from neighboring municipalities (where the use of fossil fuels for heating is allowed) to Krakow (where this type of households heating is forbidden). In this paper, we analyzed PM 10 concentrations in Krakow and neighboring municipalities. Moreover, we showed the main migration directions of air pollutants in connection with wind direction. We used statistical analysis to examine the relations between PM 10 concentrations and other physical characteristics of the atmosphere. It includes measurements of pressure, temperature, and humidity. We were collecting data during early spring 2021 when car transportation was limited due to the COVID-19 lockdown in Poland. Car transportation in Krakow is responsible for up to 20% of the PM 10 carbon fraction concentration. It allowed for observation of air pollutions from solid fuel heating with minimum traffic-generated pollution background. The Airly© low-cost sensors (LCS) network was used for this study.

“…NSZ complexes could be faulted or have disturbances inside the layers that cannot be easily obtained using the standard refraction seismic method, e.g., anisotropy. The Carpathians is one of the regions where seismic processing requires special approaches and dedicated algorithms to obtain an image for interpretation [3,4]. Including P-wave azimuthal anisotropy in standard procedures of seismic processing has been neglected for years [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On Including Near-surface Zone Anisotropy for Static Corrections Computation—Polish Carpathians 3D Seismic Processing Case Study

Zając³

2020

Geosciences

Self Cite

Obtaining the most accurate and detailed subsurface information from seismic surveys is one of the main challenges for seismic data processing, especially in the context of complex geological conditions (e.g., mountainous areas). The correct calculation of static corrections allows for the reliable processing of seismic data. This, in turn, leads to better geological interpretation. A seismic signal passing through a near-surface zone (NSZ) is adversely affected by the high heterogeneity of this zone. As a result of this, observed travel times often show anisotropy. The application of refractive waves and the time delay solution without taking into account the effects caused by the complex anisotropy of an NSZ does not meet the standards of modern seismic surveys. The construction of the NSZ model in mountain regions with the use of refraction may be extremely difficult, as the vertical layers can be observed very close to the surface. It is not sufficient to apply regular isotropic refractive solutions in such conditions. The presented studies show the results of taking into account the anisotropy of an NSZ in the calculations of static corrections. The presented results show that this step is critical for the detailed processing of three-dimensional (3D) seismic data collected in the difficult region of the Carpathians in Southern Poland.