The use of rheological behavior to monitor the processing and service life properties of recycled polypropylene

Spicker, C.; Rudolph, Natalie; Kuehnert, Ines; Aumnate, Chuanchom

doi:10.1016/j.fpsl.2019.01.002

Cited by 33 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The effect of recycling process on the crystallization behavior of PP/LDPE blends is shown in Figure 9. The recycled blend (dash line) shows a higher rate of crystallization compared to that of the virgin blend (solid line), which may be caused by the shorter polymeric chain resulting from the degradation during the recycling process [14]. Furthermore, the recycling process affects the shape of the crystals (rPP1), which become more spherical.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of their similar density, PP and PEs cannot be easily separated from each other in the recycling stream [10]. Blends of PP and PEs have become a subject of great economic and research interest, not only to improve the processing and mechanical properties of PP but also to some extent to expand opportunities to recycle these mixed plastics [11,12,13,14,15] Since the 1980s, a considerable amount of work has been focused on the study of mechanical properties of mixed PP and PEs. The effectiveness of blending mainly depends on the miscibility or immiscibility of the blended components.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recycling of Polypropylene/Polyethylene Blends: Effect of Chain Structure on the Crystallization Behaviors

Aumnate

Rudolph²,

Sarmadi

2019

Polymers

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The combination of high-density polyethylene (HDPE), low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and polypropylene (PP) is frequently found in polymer waste streams. Because of their similar density, they cannot be easily separated from each other in the recycling stream. Blending of PP/ polyethylenes (PEs) in different ratios possibly eliminate the sorting process used in the regular recycling process. PP has fascinating properties such as excellent processability and chemical resistance. However, insufficient flexibility limits its use for specific applications. Blending of PP with relative flexible PEs might improve its flexibility. This is a unique approach for recycling or upcycling, which aims to maintain or improve the properties of recycled materials. The effects of the branched-chain structures of PEs on the crystallization behavior and the related mechanical properties of such blends were investigated. The overall kinetics of crystallization of PP was significantly influenced by the presence of PEs with different branched-chain structures. The presence of LDPE was found to decrease the overall crystallization rate while the addition of HDPE accelerated the crystallization process of the blends. No negative effect on the mechanical performance and the related crystallinity was observed within the studied parameter range.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recycling of Polypropylene/Polyethylene Blends: Effect of Chain Structure on the Crystallization Behaviors

Aumnate

Rudolph²,

Sarmadi

2019

Polymers

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“…The shear rate for the melt extrusion-based 3D printing processes, in particular the FDM system, is typically ranged between 100 to 200 s − 1 (Osswald et al 2013;Aumnate et al 2019;Spicker et al 2019). Figure 7 shows the plot of steady shear viscosity versus shear rate for the neat PLA and its composites with the kenaf cellulose bers.…”

Section: Optimization Of Extrusion-based 3d Printingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polylactic acid/kenaf cellulose biocomposite filaments for melt extrusion based-3D printing

et al. 2021

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This study fabricated polylactic acid (PLA)/kenaf cellulose ber biocomposite laments via meltextrusion process. Kenaf cellulose bers (KF) were chemically extracted from locally grown kenaf plants and used as reinforcement. Moreover, the KF was then treated with tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), socalled KFs, to improve the compatibility between the bers and PLA matrix. Also, the plasticizers (polyethylene glycol) were incorporated to enhance the owability and processability of the biocomposites. The melt viscosities of the biocomposites increased as the solid KF and KFs were loaded. However, they were signi cantly decreased with the addition of plasticizers. The combined use of the plasticizers and TEOS treatment improved tensile strength, Young's modulus and elongation of the biocomposites compared to the neat PLA. The obtained PLA/KFs biocomposite materials are proved to be a mechanical-improved material, which offers the opportunity for customized and rapid prototyping of biocomposite products.

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“…They concluded that yield stress and impact toughness reduced since the composite material become more fragile and prone to cracking. Spicker et al [ 6 ] investigated the influence of multiple reprocessing cycles on the rheological, thermal and mechanical properties of PP manufacturing scrap. Melt flow rate (MFR), dynamic rheology, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), DSC, tensile tests, color analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were part of their experimental characterization technologies used to evaluate the material degradation properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the Mechanical Properties of Parts Fabricated with Ultrasonic Micro Injection Molding Process Using Polypropylene Recycled Material

et al. 2020

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This research focuses on investigating how physical and mechanical properties of polypropylene (PP) recycled material are modified when ultrasonic micro injection molding (UMIM) technology is used to produce material specimens. Experimental characterization by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, and rheology tests show that the fabricated PP samples were able to withstand up to five times recycled processing before some signs of mechanical and physical properties degradation are observed. Surprisingly, uniaxial extension tests show an increase of 3.07%, 10.97% and 27.33% for Young’s modulus, yield stress and ultimate stress values, respectively, and a slight reduction of 1.29% for the samples elongation at break when compared to the experimental data collected from virgin material samples. The improvement of these mechanical properties in the recycled samples suggests that ultrasonic microinjection produces a mechano-chemical material change.

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The use of rheological behavior to monitor the processing and service life properties of recycled polypropylene

Cited by 33 publications

References 17 publications

Recycling of Polypropylene/Polyethylene Blends: Effect of Chain Structure on the Crystallization Behaviors

Recycling of Polypropylene/Polyethylene Blends: Effect of Chain Structure on the Crystallization Behaviors

Polylactic acid/kenaf cellulose biocomposite filaments for melt extrusion based-3D printing

Investigation of the Mechanical Properties of Parts Fabricated with Ultrasonic Micro Injection Molding Process Using Polypropylene Recycled Material

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