The use of reflectance measurements in the determination of fixation of reactive dyes to cotton

Ahmed, N.; Oulton, David; Taylor, John A.

doi:10.1002/col.20189

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…This is in contrast to its solution behaviour, where its chromophoric strength is similar to that of dyes 1–3 . It is known that for pale to medium shades of dye on fabric the K/S value is a good measure of the amount of dye on a fabric [6]. As all of the dyes were applied at equimolar concentrations, the K/S values are a good indication of the relative fixation efficiencies of the four different dyes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of sulphonation level upon the fixation and build up properties of reactive dyes

Biolchi

Kawabata

Taylor³

2006

Coloration Technology

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A number of closely related dyes, each possessing a single β‐sulphatoethyl sulphonyl reactive group and a variable number of sulphonate residues, were prepared and their dyeing behaviour evaluated. As the level of sulphonation of the dyes increased, both fixation efficiency and build up on cotton were reduced. These observations were attributed to increased electrostatic repulsion, between dye and fibre, as the anionicity, or level of sulphonation, of the dyes was increased. In support of this, the build up of a monosulphonated dye with one reactive group, was as good as that of a market leading bireactive disulphonated dye.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of sulphonation level upon the fixation and build up properties of reactive dyes

Biolchi

Kawabata

Taylor³

2006

Coloration Technology

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“…The colour strength ( K/S ) was derived using the Kubelka–Munk equation:

K / S = [{(1 ‐ R)}^{2}] true/ 2 R

where K is the absorption coefficient, R the reflectance, and S the scattering coefficient. The K/S values are often linearly related to the dye concentration in the sample 22 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of iron mordanting and sol‐gel coating on the hydrophobicity and colour properties of cotton fabrics dyed with natural tannin

Pisitsak

2020

Coloration Technology

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Cotton fabrics were dyed with natural tannin and post‐treated with a metallic salt mordant and/or sol‐gel coating. The effects on colour properties and hydrophobicity were studied. Pad‐dyeing was carried out using a reddish‐brown, tannin‐rich dye. Some samples were then post‐mordanted with iron(II) sulphate. Samples were sol‐gel coated using tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) with small amounts of organically modified alkoxysilane precursors phenyltriethoxysilane (PHY) and n‐octyltriethoxysilane (OCT) to impart hydrophobicity, and with 3‐(glycidoxypropyl)‐trimethoxysilane (GLY) to improve adhesion between the coating and the fabric. The colour parameters were analysed in the CIELab colour space. Dyed samples appeared reddish‐brown, with the exception of those post‐mordanted with iron(II) sulphate, which were dark brown. Sol‐gel coating with hydrophobic alkyltriethoxysilanes (PHY or OCT) increased the hydrophobicity of the undyed fabrics, increasing contact angle values and drop absorption times. However, this hydrophobic sol‐gel coating alone failed to impart hydrophobicity to the dyed fabrics. Post‐mordanting with iron(II) sulphate was more effective in improving the hydrophobicity of the dyed fabrics than sol‐gel coating. Only the dyed sample treated with both iron(II) sulphate and OCT completely prevented absorption of water droplets. Sol‐gel coating was found to improve colour fastness to washing, light, and crocking. Post‐mordanting with iron(II) sulphate improved colour fastness to washing and light, but not to crocking.

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“…24 The value can also be used to determine other important dyeing factors such as dye uptake, migration index, and dye fixation. 4,23,[25][26][27] A relation between K/S value and the crosssectional distribution of dye molecules in the dyed cellulosic fibers and yarns has been reported. 28 Based on this fact, studies were carried out for dye diffusion in pad dyeings which resulted in a new method of measuring reactive dye diffusion into cellulosic fiber using K/S values.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The K/S value has been shown to be a direct measure of the color yield . The value can also be used to determine other important dyeing factors such as dye uptake, migration index, and dye fixation . A relation between K/S value and the cross‐sectional distribution of dye molecules in the dyed cellulosic fibers and yarns has been reported .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of reflectance measurements in the determination of diffusion of reactive dyes into cellulosic fiber

Khatri

White

Padhye

et al. 2012

Color Research & Application

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Reactive dye fixation and color yield of a dyed cellulosic fiber significantly depend on the dye diffusion into the fiber polymer system. In case of pad‐dyeing processes, dye diffusion exerts a more significant influence on dye fixation and hence color yield. This article proposes a new method for determining the extent of diffusion of reactive dyes into the fiber in pad dyeings using Kubelka–Munk equation. The K/S values are used as in an equation, %D (extent of dye diffusion) = 100 − [(K/Sdiffusion index)/ (K/Sreference) × 100]. The article introduces and explains how to determine the new K/S variables used in this equation. The new method is simple, nondestructive, relatively faster, and applicable to industrial dyehouses, and was validated by a microscopic analysis of dyed fiber cross‐section carried out in this work and to the dye manufacturer's recommendations for dyebath‐ingredient concentrations. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 39, 63–69, 2014

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The use of reflectance measurements in the determination of fixation of reactive dyes to cotton

Cited by 21 publications

References 8 publications

Effect of sulphonation level upon the fixation and build up properties of reactive dyes

Effect of sulphonation level upon the fixation and build up properties of reactive dyes

The effect of iron mordanting and sol‐gel coating on the hydrophobicity and colour properties of cotton fabrics dyed with natural tannin

The use of reflectance measurements in the determination of diffusion of reactive dyes into cellulosic fiber

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