“…This attribute is beneficial in bone [18,20,21] and for hot flashes [18,21], but detrimental in the breast [6,21,22] and uterus [21,23] as it increases the risk of tumorigenesis. In contrast, the selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), although not ER subtype specific [24,25], act as agonists in certain tissues, such as bone [26-28], and as antagonists in others, such as breast [9,10,29]. Although, the well-known SERMs, raloxifene and tamoxifen [30], have been shown to decrease the risk of breast cancer [18,31,32] and increase bone mineral density [26-28,33], they have also been linked to an increased risk of venous thromboembolism and occurrence of hot flashes, and can stimulate endometrial growth [28,34-36].…”