The use of probiotics in aquatic organisms: A review

Abstract

The production of aquatic organisms for human consumption has been decreasing while its demand has increased. The decline of fish products from fisheries has been in part compensated by the aquaculture industry. The need for enhanced disease resistance, feed efficiency, growth performance and lower production costs of cultured organisms is substantial for various sectors of this industry. Different products have been used at some extent to prevent disease and as growth promoters; however, their inadequate application can create adverse disorders, environmental imbalances, and increase predisposition to disease. In the search of new disease control and prevention options, several studies have been carried out to test some functional additives (probiotics). Probiotics have been shown to improve energy expenditure derived from sources such as carbohydrates and increase the incorporation of protein for growth; and to increase the immunity and disease resistance of the host. The use of probiotics in aquaculture has high potential application at a commercial level; however, it has been poorly characterized and studied. This study aims to review the use and action of probiotics in the culture of aquatic organisms (bivalve, fish, shrimp); and the potential for further application of this in aquaculture production.

Administration of Probiotics in the Water in Finfish Aquaculture Systems: A Review

“…Furthermore, the higher quality of water after the addition of probiotics into aquatic environment might be because of the control of the parameters, such as dissolved oxygen, pH, and temperature. [71,72]. However, using some probiotic species (i.e., Bacillus, Rhodopseudomonas, Nitrobacter, Cellulomonas, Pseudomonas, and Enterobacter) in the cultivation environment of channel catfish was not successful in improving water quality; consequently, except for nitrification, publications investigating the effects of probiotics on water quality are limited [1,73], and understanding of the mechanisms of action is still in its infancy [74].…”

An evaluation of fish health-management practices and occupational health hazards associated with Pangasius catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) aquaculture in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam

“…Probiotics are used for multiple purposes in aquaculture, including immune stimulation, improved digestion and competitive exclusion of unfavourable bacterial populations in fish intestine and pond water/sediment environments (Aguirre‐Guzmán, Lara‐Flores, Sánchez‐Martínez, Campa‐Córdova & Luna‐González ). Farmers perceive probiotics as being safe because of limited if any negative effects, e.g.…”

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“…En este sentido se ha visto que, para el cultivo del camarón, la relación bacterias-microalgas como BFT (biofloc) incorporadas al cultivo presenta un proceso dinámico debido a las variables ambientales que impactan en éste, desencadenando la generación de metabolitos que benefician el buen estado de los camarones (Jagadeesan et al, 2015;Natrah et al, 2013). Por ejemplo, las bacterias del género Bacillus pueden mejorar la digestibilidad de nutrientes en larvas de camarón (Aguirre-Guzmán et al, 2012;Ziaei-Nejad et al, 2006). El rango de temperaturas del medio en el que habitan las bacterias y microalgas es una variable que puede influir en la interacción microalgas-bacterias-camarones.…”