The use of prilled fat to coat and protect amino acids from ruminal degradation

Abstract

A series of trials was conducted to determine the effectiveness and limitations associated with the use of partially hydrogenated triglycerides as a protective coating to enhance amino acid escape from the rumen. Commercially prepared prills and laboratory-synthesized prills containing either lysine or methionine were incubated from 0-24 h in situ, in a fistulated cow fed hay and grain (1 : 1, w/w DM). Multiple factors were found to affect the ability of fat to protect amino acids. Examination of prill size where prills were separated by sieves into sizes ranging from 703 pm to 2.5 mm indicated that, overall, larger prills provided greater protection than smaller prills. Differences in protection exist between amino acid source, as methionine recovery was consistently greater than lysine. Reduction of lysine particle size improved its protection, but was still not protected as well as methionine. Prills with iodine values (IV) of < 1, 17 and 40 were also examined. Differences in protection between IV levels was not great, however, IV < 1 and 17 provided greater protection than IV 40. Utilizing results from the various trials, maximal protection level was achieved (approximately 90%) for methionine in prills made from IV 17 which ranged in size from 2 to 2.5 mm.

Lysine bioavailability among 2 lipid-coated lysine products after exposure to silage1

“…Indeed, these surface structure images appear to be in agreement with our previous observation ( Reiners and Brake, 2016 ) that greater acidity increased amounts of lysine lost from lipid-associated lysine mixed with corn silage but that acidity had little impact on amount of lysine lost from lipid-associated lysine mixed with alfalfa silage. Obviously, surface structure images are subjective measures, but these images appear to agree with the report of Ji et al (2016) , our previous observations ( Reiners and Brake, 2016 ) and the conclusions of Block and Jenkins (1994) . Regardless, images from this preliminary study clearly indicate that measures of lysine bioavailability are necessary to allow an improved understanding of amounts of metabolizable lysine provided from lipid-coated lysine after exposure to silage.…”

“… Block and Jenkins (1994) observed large amounts of lysine loss from lipid-associated lysine during ruminal incubation. These authors ( Block and Jenkins, 1994 ) speculated that lysine associated with the surface of the lysine-lipid particle was rapidly solubilized during ruminal incubation and that diminished surface integrity of the lysine-lipid particle allowed movement of ruminal fluid throughout the lysine-lipid particle. Reduced integrity of the lipid-lysine particle may also allow movement of water throughout the lysine-lipid particle when mixed with diets that contain large amounts of moisture and increase lysine lost from lipid-coated lysine.…”

“…Many technologies have been developed to increase metabolizable amino acid flows from crystalline amino acids to ruminants ( Wu and Papas, 1997 ). Hydroxymethyl analogs ( Elwakeel et al, 2012 ), acid degradable polymeric coatings ( Titgemeyer et al, 1988 ; Klemesrud et al, 2000 ) and lipid coatings ( Block and Jenkins, 1994 ) have been suggested as methods to increase metabolizable lysine supplies from crystalline lysine. However, many diets fed to cows limited by metabolizable lysine contain appreciable amounts of acidic ingredients (e.g., corn silage, alfalfa silage) that may diminish effectiveness of technologies sensitive to pH, and mechanical forces associated with mixing may disturb capsule coatings.…”

Short communication: Effect of on-farm feeding practices on rumen protected lysine products

“…Coating protection efficiency is highly dependent on several factors including coating composition, smoothness of pellet surface, and pellet size (Wu and Papas, 1997). Ruminal degradation of the lipid coating of the RPL products may account for some of the observed Lys loss as research assessing the efficacy of prilled fat to protect Lys from ruminal degradation observed a similar effect of time, with Lys recovery being reduced at 6 h and Lys recovery continuing to diminish through 24 h (Block and Jenkins, 1994). This suggests that increased retention time in the rumen leads to increased microbial degradation of the protective coating.…”

Desempenho, composição do leite e mecanismos envolvidos na depressão da gordura do leite (DGL) de vacas recebendo ácido linoléicos conjugados (CLA) e óleo de peixe na dieta.

“…método de proteção ruminal utilizado neste experimento, estudo de degradação in situ conduzido porBlock & Jenkins (1994) mostrou que esta resposta pode variar em função da espessura da "cápsula" de gordura envolvendo o que está sendo protegido (e.g. CLA, aminoácido, etc.)…”