The Use of Phospholipid Liposomes for Targeting to Oral and Skin-Associated Bacteria

Abstract

Phospholipid (dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) plus phosphatidylinositol (PI)) proteoliposomes with surface bound lectins (succinylated concanavalin A (s con A) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA)) have been prepared covering a range of size and surface density of lectin. Negatively charged phospholipid liposomes from DPPC-PI mixtures covering a range of PI mole % and positively charged liposomes from DPPC-cholesterol-stearylamine (SA) mixtures covering a range of SA mole % have been prepared. The targeting of the liposomes and proteoliposomes to a range of oral and skin-associated been prepared. The targeting of the liposomes and proteoliposomes to a range of oral and skin-associated bacterial biofilms has been investigated. The oral bacteria Streptococcus mutans and gordonii and the skin-associated bacterium Coryneform hofmanni can be targeted with s con A bearing proteoliposomes while the skin associated bacterium Staphylococcus epidermidis can be targeted with WGA bearing proteoliposomes. Both oral and skin-associated bacteria can be targeted with positively charged liposomes although the extents of adsorption to the biofilm are low except for Staphylococcus epidermidis. In the case of negatively charged liposomes targeting is critically dependent on the PI content of the liposomes and for all the bacteria studied optimum levels PI for targeting have been found. The adsorption of the oral bacterium Streptococcus gordonii to immobilised monolayers having the optimum PI level for adsorption has been studied by total internal reflection microscopy (TIRM). Both the phospholipid and proteoliposomes have been used to deliver the bactericide Triclosan to biofilms. All the systems studied inhibited bacterial growth to varying degrees.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Sonodynamic Excitation of Rose Bengal for Eradication of Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria

“…In addition to known methods of targeting drugs to cells, including antibody, protein or peptide, liposomal, and magnetic targeting [43–50], use of ultrasound affords a direct and exact focusing on the treated site. Nonactivated PS does not harm healthy tissues.…”

Lipid and polymer nanoparticles for drug delivery to bacterial biofilms

“…Phosphatidylinositol and stearylamine are known targeting ligands for several oral and skin associated bacteria (see also 3.1). [75,76,84,86] It was observed with TEM that both types of liposomes cluster around the bacteria in a similar way. [83] They also studied the binding of anti-S. oralis immunoliposomes and found that the immunoliposomes were located on the surface of the bacterial cells with a preference for the septal region between dividing cells.…”

“…Examples of organisms for which this targeting was less effective are S. epidermidis and P. vulgaris. [84,86] This is likely due to the absence of the binding site for Con-A.…”

“…[112,113] Like for Con-A, not all organisms are as effectively targeted by WGA, with P. vulgaris again showing little liposome binding. [84,86] Targeting of liposomes with WGA was successfully combined with photodynamic therapy. [88] The latter involves the use of a photosensitizer that produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon exposure to light.…”

Periodontal Muco-Adhesive Formulations for the Treatment of Infectious Periodontal Diseases

“…Intra-periodontal pocket drug delivery systems are highly desirable due to a potentially lower incidence of undesirable side-effects, improved therapeutic efficacy, easy application and increased patient compliance. They can be made biodegradable and non-immunogenic and cost effective [169,170]. Vesicular systems are designed to mimic the bio-membrane in terms of structure and bio-behavior, and hence are investigated intensively for targeting bacterial biofilms [169,171].…”