The use of periodization in exercise prescriptions for inactive adults: A systematic review

Abstract

BackgroundPeriodization of exercise is a method typically used in sports training, but the impact of periodized exercise on health outcomes in untrained adults is unclear.PurposeThis review aims to summarize existing research wherein aerobic or resistance exercise was prescribed to inactive adults using a recognized periodization method.MethodsA search of relevant databases, conducted between January and February of 2014, yielded 21 studies published between 2000 and 2013 that assessed the impact of periodized exercise on health outcomes in untrained participants.ResultsSubstantial heterogeneity existed between studies, even under the same periodization method. Compared to baseline values or non-training control groups, prescribing periodized resistance or aerobic exercise yielded significant improvements in health outcomes related to traditional and emerging risk factors for cardiovascular disease, low-back and neck/shoulder pain, disease severity, and quality of life, with mixed results for increasing bone mineral density.ConclusionsAlthough it is premature to conclude that periodized exercise is superior to non-periodized exercise for improving health outcomes, periodization appears to be a feasible means of prescribing exercise to inactive adults within an intervention setting. Further research is necessary to understand the effectiveness of periodizing aerobic exercise, the psychological effects of periodization, and the feasibility of implementing flexible non-linear methods.

Aqua Zumba versus Aqua Jogging: Comparative effects on health parameters among obese middle age women

“…The total distance covered within six minutes was used to predict VO2peak via a formula suggested by ACSM (2010). Upper and lower body strength tests were measured via multiple repetition strength tests (8-RM) (Pereira & Gomes, 2003, Strohacker, Fazzino, Breslin, & Xu, 2015. Participant performed chest press (upper body strength) and leg press (lower body strength) (Tomlinson et al, 2016) exercise using a standard 22-kg (45lb) barbell and a nonadjustable Cybex weight bench and a nonadjustable Cybex plateloaded leg press machine (Cybex International, Inc., Medway, MA).…”

Effects Of Non-periodized And Linear Periodized Combined Exercise Training On Insulin Resistance Indicators In Adults With Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial

“…However, changes resulting from training are subject to strategies that aim to modulate training variables such as intensity, volume, recovery interval, and exercise order in programs; thus, periodization is employed for this purpose [15][16][17]. Although health benefits in the population with obesity are enhanced through the use of periodization [15,16], caution is needed when stating the superiority of periodization, and further research is needed to understand the effectiveness of periodization and the feasibility of implementing flexible methods [18]. However, improvements in glycemic metabolism are often investigated in the T2DM population, and further understanding of the effect of periodic combined training in the population with obesity is required due to the early presentation of significant changes in glucose metabolism, especially insulin resistance, which may collaborate to trigger diabetes mellitus.…”

Efeito de diferentes periodizações no treinamento concorrente sobre parâmetros imunológicos, metabólicos, ponderais e de qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde em mulheres com sobrepeso e/ou obesidade

“…O treinamento concorrente tem sido descrito como capaz de melhorar a resistência aeróbia e a força em idosos (WOOD et al, 2001;TAKESHIMA, 2004) e a periodização do treinamento também pode ser viável e benéfica tanto para os adultos inativos e idosos visando melhora das condições de saúde (STROHACKER et al, 2015;ASSUMPÇÃO et al, 2008;BOTERO et al, 2013;BOTERO et al, 2014;VANNI et al, 2010;LIMA et al, 2012), quanto para as pessoas com diferentes níveis de aptidão física e até para as pessoas em reabilitação (HOOVER; VANWYE; JUDGE, 2016).…”

“…(3-4 meses), e microciclos (1-4 semanas), aumentando gradualmente a intensidade do treinamento, enquanto diminui o volume de treinamento dentro e entre ciclos, ou seja, na PL, as alterações em um programa de treinamento são realizadas ao longo de um período de meses (RHEA et al, 2002). Dada a popularidade e praticidade do treinamento periodizado para atletas, a prescrição do treinamento periodizado também pode ser viável e benéfica tanto para os adultos inativos e idosos visando melhora das condições de saúde (STROHACKER et al, 2015;ASSUMPÇÃO et al, 2008;BOTERO et al, 2013;BOTERO et al, 2014;VANNI et al, 2010;LIMA et al, 2012), como para as pessoas com diferentes níveis de aptidão física e até para àquelas em reabilitação (HOOVER; VANWYE; JUDGE, 2016).…”

“…O treinamento pode ser periodizado, consistindo no planejamento geral e detalhado do tempo disponível para o treinamento, de acordo com os objetivos intermediários e perfeitamente estabelecidos, respeitando-se os princípios científicos do treinamento desportivo (DANTAS, 2003). A prescrição do treinamento periodizado pode ser viável e benéfica para os adultos inativos e idosos visando melhora das condições de saúde (STROHACKER et al, 2015).…”