The Use of Nixtamalization Waste Waters Clarified by Ultrafiltration for Production of a Fraction Rich in Phenolic Compounds

Abstract

Clarified nixtamalization waste waters rich in calcium and polyphenols were subjected to ultrafiltration. The effluent was analyzed for its concentration of soluble solids, total solids content, pH, conductivity, turbidity, density, polyphenols, carbohydrates, total organic carbon, calcium content, and antioxidant activity. The operating conditions were as follows: transmembrane pressure 172 kPa, feed flow rate 58 L h -1 , and temperature 25°C. We analyzed the separation process for water permeability, fouling index, process resistance parameters, and flux recovery. A clear fraction rich in polyphenols (951.85 ± 6.99 mg L -1 ) with antioxidant activity (1.56 ± 0.00 lM Trolox mL -1 ) was produced from extract, while calcium compounds (3155.3 ± 5.24 mg L -1 ) were concentrated in retentate. Finally, we determined the mass retention of the membrane for soluble solids (100 %), carbohydrates (80.05 %), polyphenols (20.25 %), total organic carbon (61.08 %), and calcium (82.91 %). We conclude that this membrane process is a realistic approach to recovery of bioactive components.

Processing of Xoconostle fruit (Opuntia joconostle ) juice for improving its commercialization using membrane filtration

“…The fouling index of the membrane was about 77.9% by the treatment (see Table ), the index was higher than reported by Cassano, Donato, et al () for ultrafiltration of kiwifruit juice (32%). The membrane fouling of this study is similar than reported in other studies aiming the treatment of agro‐food by‐products by ultrafiltration, that is, Conidi, Cassano, and Drioli (), Castro‐Muñoz and Yáñez‐Fernández (), and Castro‐Muñoz, Barragán‐Huerta, and Yáñez‐Fernández () determined fouling indexes of 73.8, 87.0, and 91.7% in the recovery of phenolic compounds, carbohydrates and polyphenols from orange press liquor, maize extracts, and maize cooking waters, respectively. The membrane fouling (as well as the membrane performance) are influenced by different key factors such as physicochemical composition (organic matter) of the bulk solution, concentration polarization phenomenon, effects of adsorption (solute–solute and solute–membrane), membrane characteristics (MWCO, configuration module, material, hydrophobicity, porosity, and surface charge), electrostatic interactions, and operating conditions (TMP, flow rate, and temperature) (Boussu et al, ; Salahi et al, ; Xiao, Xiao, Zhang, & Wang, ).…”

Microencapsulation of Corn Wastewater (Nejayote) Phytochemicals by Spray Drying and Their Release Under Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion

“…Valderrama‐Bravo and others () showed that during nixtamalization, clusters of calcium carbonate and calcite are formed. Even after ultrafiltration using 1 kDa membranes, 17% of these calcium forms along with calcium hydroxide used for lime cooking remain in the effluent (Castro‐Muñoz and others ).…”

Bioprocessed Production of Resveratrol-Enriched Rice Wine: Simultaneous Rice Wine Fermentation, Extraction, and Transformation of Piceid to Resveratrol from Polygonum cuspidatum Roots

“…These results indicate that UF could be an alternative process for clarification and sterilization. UF has been used to clarify nixtamalization waste waters for the recovery of phenolic compounds [57]. In our study, the 3 kDa UF process slightly decreased the amount of piceid and resveratrol, but the concentration of piceid and resveratrol did not change by the 10 kDa UF process.…”