The Use of Multimodal Data to Augment Shallow-Water Benthic Habitat Maps for Pleasant Bay, Cape Cod, Massachusetts: Stratigraphic Data and Seafloor Maps

Borrelli, Mark; Oakley, Bryan A.; Hubeny, J. Bradford; Love, Heath; Smith, Theresa L.; Legare, Bryan; Lucas, Ted

doi:10.1656/045.027.s1003

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The likelihood of documenting and quantifying causal relationships related to physical processes can be improved from analysis of co-located acoustic data. For example, co-located sidescan backscatter and bathymetric data revealed that sediment deposition on the edge of a deep sub-basin in a coastal embayment resulted in more shallow water area for eelgrass to colonize (Borrelli et al 2020). Less than 2 km away from that area an existing eelgrass bed was being buried by the natural movement of sediment into the area, both the loss and gain of eelgrass habitat in the embayment might have falsely attributed to other factors without these data (Borrelli et al 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, co-located sidescan backscatter and bathymetric data revealed that sediment deposition on the edge of a deep sub-basin in a coastal embayment resulted in more shallow water area for eelgrass to colonize (Borrelli et al 2020). Less than 2 km away from that area an existing eelgrass bed was being buried by the natural movement of sediment into the area, both the loss and gain of eelgrass habitat in the embayment might have falsely attributed to other factors without these data (Borrelli et al 2020). The co-location of the sidescan backscatter and bathymetry also make these instruments ideal for the creation of benthic habitat maps in shallow waters (LaFrance Bartley et al 2018b;Borrelli et al 2019a;Grothues et al 2019;Trembanis et al 2019;Mittermayr et al 2020b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vessel-Based, Shallow Water Mapping with a Phase-Measuring Sidescan Sonar

Borrelli

Smith

Mague

2021

Estuaries and Coasts

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Coastal areas have traditionally been difficult locations to collect consistent, high-resolution bathymetric data via vessel-based acoustic surveys. The use of phase-measuring sidescan sonar is becoming more prevalent, particularly in shallow (< 20 m) coastal waters. Instruments used in the field over the last decade by the lead author are discussed here. This work is intended to serve as an introduction to the coastal scientist interested in the operation, use, and data sets associated with these instruments. Hydrographers unfamiliar with phase-measuring sidescan sonar will also benefit from insights regarding survey planning, data acquisition, and processing. These instruments collect co-located sidescan backscatter and swath bathymetry. The effective bathymetric swath widths can be 2 to 3 times that of multibeam echosounders making phase-measuring sidescan sonars ideal for shallow water mapping operations. These large effective swath widths offset the high levels of noise and processing needed in these bathymetric data sets relative to multibeam data. The sidescan backscatter and bathymetric data sets can be used individually, but the co-location allows for uses and analyses not feasible with other data sets. These instruments are well-suited to collect data for a suite of seafloor mapping projects and science-based investigations. Examples from a wide range of projects are detailed here for the shallow water mapping community and the multi-disciplinary groups who may benefit from the data and insights presented here.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vessel-Based, Shallow Water Mapping with a Phase-Measuring Sidescan Sonar

Borrelli

Smith

Mague

2021

Estuaries and Coasts

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“…Pleasant Bay contains approximately 7.3 km 2 of Z. marina (Howes et al 2006). Although there are natural gas deposits in Pleasant Bay, they are limited to the deeper parts of the Bay away from the shallow <2.0 m depth seagrass ecosystems where we sampled (Borrelli et al 2020).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This indicates that CH 4 oxidation in Pleasant Bay is low and/or that there is likely another source of CH 4 in the basin. This source could be the natural gas deposit located in another area of the system (Borrelli et al 2020) or it could be due to microbial CH 4 production in the water column (Biži c-Ionescu et al 2018). Unlike in East Harbor, 95% of atmospheric concentrations of CH 4 measured in Pleasant Bay were within AE250 ppb of atmospheric concentrations during August 2019, 1863.0 ppb (https://gml.noaa.gov).…”

Section: Diffusive Air-sea Fluxes Of Ch 4 and N 2 Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Two temperate seagrass meadows are negligible sources of methane and nitrous oxide

Al‐Haj

Chidsey

Fulweiler

2022

Limnology & Oceanography

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Seagrasses are globally important ecosystems that can help mitigate climate change by sequestering carbon (C). The net impact seagrass meadows have on the climate, however, also depends on methane (CH 4 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) fluxes. By not accounting for CH 4 and N 2 O fluxes, we may be overestimating or underestimating the true C sequestration capacity of seagrasses. Yet, few observations of seagrass CH 4 and N 2 O fluxes are available. Here, we quantified summer, dark/light CH 4 and N 2 O fluxes across the sediment-water interface from seagrass meadows (Zostera marina) and adjacent nonvegetated sediments in two temperate bays with different environmental characteristics. On two occasions, we also estimated system wide air-sea CH 4 and N 2 O fluxes. We found the CH 4 fluxes across the sediment-water interface varied between the two sites with one site emitting CH 4 from vegetated sediments and a net zero flux at the other site. N 2 O fluxes across the sediment-water interface were not different from zero regardless of seagrass presence, although when we did measure a flux, there was more often a net uptake of N 2 O. We estimated that both systems were small net sources of CH 4 and N 2 O to the atmosphere; however, the sediments are not likely the source of CH 4 and N 2 O emitted to the atmosphere in the systems. Although the diffusive fluxes measured here are lower than those reported in the literature, they are consistent with our current understanding of seagrass sediments being variable sources of CH 4 and potentially a negligible source or sink of N 2 O.

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