The Use of Monoclonal Antibody-Based Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin-Kexin Type 9 (PCSK9) Inhibitors in the Treatment of Hypercholesterolemia

Parikh, Riya R; Breve, Frank; Magnusson, Peter; Behzadi, Payam; Pergolizzi, Joseph V.

doi:10.7759/cureus.25641

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(53 reference statements)

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“…PCSK9 inhibitors have a good safety profile. The only adverse effect that could be directly associated with PCSK9 inhibitors is a reduction in vitamin E levels [ 81 ]. Intensive lowering of LDL-cholesterol could interfere with vitamin E transport and explain lower vitamin E levels.…”

Section: Present Therapeutic Optionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Present and Future of Dyslipidaemia Treatment—A Review

Merćep,

Vujević,

Strikić

et al. 2023

JCM

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One of the greatest burdens on the healthcare systems of modern civilization is cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Therefore, the medical community is looking for ways to reduce the incidence of CVDs. Simple lifestyle changes from an unhealthy to a healthy lifestyle are the cornerstone of prevention, but other risk factors for cardiovascular disease are also being currently targeted, most notably dyslipidaemia. It is well known that lowering serum lipid levels, and in particular lowering elevated LDL-cholesterol, leads to a reduction in major cardiovascular events. Although the focus to date has been on LDL-cholesterol levels and lowering them with statin therapy, this is often not enough because of increased concentrations of other lipoprotein particles in the serum and residual cardiovascular risk. Since lowering LDL-cholesterol levels is successful in most cases, there has been a recent focus on lowering residual cardiovascular risk. In recent years, new therapeutic options have emerged that target triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, lipoprotein (a) and apolipoproteins C and B. The effects of these drugs on serious adverse cardiovascular events are not yet known, but recent studies with some of these drugs have shown significant results in lowering total lipid levels. The aim of this review is to present the current therapeutic options for the treatment of dyslipidaemia and to describe the newly approved drugs as well as the drugs that are still in development. Although at this stage we cannot say with certainty whether these agents will be approved and widely used, it is safe to say that our views on the treatment of dyslipidaemia are certainly changing.

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Section: Present Therapeutic Optionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Present and Future of Dyslipidaemia Treatment—A Review

Merćep,

Vujević,

Strikić

et al. 2023

JCM

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“…They are often used in combination with statins for patients who have adverse reactions to statins or in whom the maximum tolerated dose of statins does not adequately control lipid levels. PCSK9 inhibitors are generally safe, with the primary safety concern being the potential reduction in vitamin E levels [ 96 ]. In addition, some new drugs have shown great potential [ 97 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bibliometric analysis of residual cardiovascular risk: trends and frontiers

Wang,

Song

et al. 2023

J Health Popul Nutr

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Background The presence of residual cardiovascular risk is an important cause of cardiovascular events. Despite the significant advances in our understanding of residual cardiovascular risk, a comprehensive analysis through bibliometrics has not been performed to date. Our objective is to conduct bibliometric studies to analyze and visualize the current research hotspots and trends related to residual cardiovascular risk. This will aid in understanding the future directions of both basic and clinical research in this area. Methods The literature was obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection database. The literature search date was September 28, 2022. Bibliometric indicators were analyzed using CiteSpace, VOSviewer, Bibliometrix (an R package), and Microsoft Excel. Result A total of 1167 papers were included, and the number of publications is increasing rapidly in recent years. The United States and Harvard Medical School are the leading country and institution, respectively, in the study of residual cardiovascular risk. Ridker PM and Boden WE are outstanding investigators in this field. According to our research results, the New England Journal of Medicine is the most influential journal in the field of residual cardiovascular risk, whereas Atherosclerosis boasts the highest number of publications on this topic. Analysis of keywords and landmark literature identified current research hotspots including complications of residual cardiovascular risk, risk factors, and pharmacological prevention strategies. Conclusion In recent times, global attention toward residual cardiovascular risk has significantly increased. Current research is focused on comprehensive lipid-lowering, residual inflammation risk, and dual-pathway inhibition strategies. Future efforts should emphasize strengthening international communication and cooperation to promote the comprehensive evaluation and management of residual cardiovascular risk.

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“…In the context of therapy for diabetic dyslipidemia, some interest has recently been generated by monoclonal antibodies, which inhibit proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) attachment to receptors of LDL, thus protecting them from destruction in the lysosomes. Evolocumab and alirocumab are presently available inhibitors of PCSK9; they are able to lower LDL levels more effectively compared with statins, normally by 50–60%, and slightly increase HDL levels by 7–11% [ 53 ]. These impacts seem to be the same in individuals with or without type 2 diabetes.…”

Section: Hdl In Pathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

HDL-Based Therapy: Vascular Protection at All Stages

et al. 2023

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It is known that lipid metabolism disorders are involved in a wide range of pathologies. These pathologies include cardiovascular, metabolic, neurodegenerative diseases, and even cancer. All these diseases lead to serious health consequences, which makes it impossible to ignore them. Unfortunately, these diseases most often have a complex pathogenesis, which makes it difficult to study them and, in particular, diagnose and treat them. HDL is an important part of lipid metabolism, performing many functions under normal conditions. One of such functions is the maintaining of the reverse cholesterol transport. These functions are also implicated in pathology development. Thus, HDL contributes to vascular protection, which has been demonstrated in various conditions: Alzheimer’s disease, atherosclerosis, etc. Many studies have shown that serum levels of HDL cholesterol correlate negatively with CV risk. With these data, HDL-C is a promising therapeutic target. In this manuscript, we reviewed HDL-based therapeutic strategies that are currently being used or may be developed soon.

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The Use of Monoclonal Antibody-Based Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin-Kexin Type 9 (PCSK9) Inhibitors in the Treatment of Hypercholesterolemia

Cited by 5 publications

References 32 publications

Present and Future of Dyslipidaemia Treatment—A Review

Present and Future of Dyslipidaemia Treatment—A Review

Bibliometric analysis of residual cardiovascular risk: trends and frontiers

HDL-Based Therapy: Vascular Protection at All Stages

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