Present and Future of Dyslipidaemia Treatment—A Review

Abstract

One of the greatest burdens on the healthcare systems of modern civilization is cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Therefore, the medical community is looking for ways to reduce the incidence of CVDs. Simple lifestyle changes from an unhealthy to a healthy lifestyle are the cornerstone of prevention, but other risk factors for cardiovascular disease are also being currently targeted, most notably dyslipidaemia. It is well known that lowering serum lipid levels, and in particular lowering elevated LDL-cholesterol, leads to a reduction in major cardiovascular events. Although the focus to date has been on LDL-cholesterol levels and lowering them with statin therapy, this is often not enough because of increased concentrations of other lipoprotein particles in the serum and residual cardiovascular risk. Since lowering LDL-cholesterol levels is successful in most cases, there has been a recent focus on lowering residual cardiovascular risk. In recent years, new therapeutic options have emerged that target triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, lipoprotein (a) and apolipoproteins C and B. The effects of these drugs on serious adverse cardiovascular events are not yet known, but recent studies with some of these drugs have shown significant results in lowering total lipid levels. The aim of this review is to present the current therapeutic options for the treatment of dyslipidaemia and to describe the newly approved drugs as well as the drugs that are still in development. Although at this stage we cannot say with certainty whether these agents will be approved and widely used, it is safe to say that our views on the treatment of dyslipidaemia are certainly changing.

Bibliometric analysis of residual cardiovascular risk: trends and frontiers

“…Our research corroborates the significance of comprehensive lipid reduction in lowering the risk of cardiovascular events, echoing the findings of several recent studies that underscore the critical role of comprehensive lipid management in reducing residual cardiovascular risk [ 12 , 121 , 122 ]. With the advent of PCSK9 inhibitors and siRNA therapeutics, we have not only witnessed a diversification of treatment modalities but also observed how these novel therapies challenge and complement current treatment guidelines.…”

“…With the advent of PCSK9 inhibitors and siRNA therapeutics, we have not only witnessed a diversification of treatment modalities but also observed how these novel therapies challenge and complement current treatment guidelines. In the future, combination therapy is expected to become more prevalent compared to monotherapy with statins [ 121 ]. Our data further support the notion of residual inflammation as a predictor of cardiovascular risk, aligning with the current research focus on residual inflammation as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular events [ 123 ].…”