The use of internal markers to predict total digestibility and duodenal flow of nutrients in cattle given six different diets

Huhtanen, Pekka; Kaustell, Kaisa; Jaakkola, Seija

doi:10.1016/0377-8401(94)90173-2

Cited by 404 publications

(332 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…It has to be pointed out that digestibility in the current experiment was analyzed using an intrinsic digestibility marker, indigestible neutral-detergent fiber. This marker has been tested and proven to deliver reliable total tract digestibility estimates compared with the "gold standard", total fecal collection (39,40). Occasionally, the use of this marker produces large variability in digestibility due to variability in indigestible neutraldetergent fiber concentration of the diet.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An inhibitor persistently decreased enteric methane emission from dairy cows with no negative effect on milk production

Hristov

Giallongo

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

347

295

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A quarter of all anthropogenic methane emissions in the United States are from enteric fermentation, primarily from ruminant livestock. This study was undertaken to test the effect of a methane inhibitor, 3-nitrooxypropanol (3NOP), on enteric methane emission in lactating Holstein cows. An experiment was conducted using 48 cows in a randomized block design with a 2-wk covariate period and a 12-wk data collection period. Feed intake, milk production, and fiber digestibility were not affected by the inhibitor. Milk protein and lactose yields were increased by 3NOP. Rumen methane emission was linearly decreased by 3NOP, averaging about 30% lower than the control. Methane emission per unit of feed dry matter intake or per unit of energy-corrected milk were also about 30% less for the 3NOP-treated cows. On average, the body weight gain of 3NOP-treated cows was 80% greater than control cows during the 12-wk experiment. The experiment demonstrated that the methane inhibitor 3NOP, applied at 40 to 80 mg/kg feed dry matter, decreased methane emissions from high-producing dairy cows by 30% and increased body weight gain without negatively affecting feed intake or milk production and composition. The inhibitory effect persisted over 12 wk of treatment, thus offering an effective methane mitigation practice for the livestock industries.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An inhibitor persistently decreased enteric methane emission from dairy cows with no negative effect on milk production

Hristov

Giallongo

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

347

295

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“…Resultados similares quanto à integridade de tecido foram também verificados para o F57 e o TNT (Figuras 2 e 3). Huhtanen et al (1994), ao compararem a digestibilidade da MS em bovinos predita utilizando a FDNi estimada por procedimentos in situ com sacos de náilon com malha de porosidade 6 e 41 μm, verificaram que as estimativas mais acuradas foram obtidas com a menor porosidade. Segundo esses autores, a menor exatidão associada à malha com 41 μm foi atribuída à maior perda de partículas não-degradadas.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

“…Este relato confirma os resultados obtidos por Huhtanen et al (1994) de que a digestibilidade da matéria seca in vivo foi predita com maior exatidão quando avaliados os resíduos indigestíveis da fibra obtidos por procedimento in situ, em comparação às estimativas produzidas por procedimento in vitro.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Estimação de teores de componentes fibrosos em alimentos para ruminantes em sacos de diferentes tecidos

Casali¹,

Detmann

Filho

et al. 2009

R. Bras. Zootec.

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RESUMO -Objetivou-se avaliar os teores de fibra em detergente neutro indigestível (FDNi) obtidos por procedimento in situ e a perda de partículas fibrosas em meio aquoso de alguns alimentos para ruminantes, utilizando sacos de diferentes tecidos. Observou-se, concomitantemente, a estrutura física dos tecidos utilizados. Os alimentos avaliados foram: farelo de trigo (FT), casca de soja (CS), silagem de milho (SM) e feno de capim-braquiária (FB); e os tecidos: náilon (50 μm); F57 (Ankom ® ); e tecido não-tecido (TNT -100 g/m 2 ). Os alimentos foram moídos (1 mm) e acondicionados em sacos de 4 × 5 cm (seis amostras de cada alimento/tecido), obedecendo à relação de 20 mg de matéria seca/cm 2 de superfície. Os sacos foram incubados por 144 horas no rúmen de uma vaca alimentada com silagem de milho (70%) e concentrado (30%) e, posteriormente, foram retirados, lavados com água corrente até o total clareamento desta, e tratados com detergente neutro (o resíduo foi considerado FDNi). Verificou-se similaridade entre os teores de FDNi obtidos com TNT e F57, que foram superiores aos obtidos com náilon para os alimentos farelo de trigo, casca de soja e silagem de milho. Para as amostras de PB, os teores diferiram entre todos os tecidos: foram maiores quando estimados utilizando-se F57, menores quando utilizado náilon e intermediários quando utilizado TNT. A perda de partículas fibrosas em meio aquoso foi avaliada por meio de lavagem em água (39 o C) dos sacos contendo os alimentos (10 amostras/tecido). Houve perda de partículas fibrosas quando empregado o náilon como tecido para avaliação das amostras, o que justifica os menores teores de FDNi obtidos com este tecido. A perda de partículas para o náilon está relacionada à estrutura do tecido, uma vez que, em análise por microscopia eletrônica de varredura, não foram observados danos nos tecidos durante os processos de incubação e extração com detergente.Palavras-chave: F57, náilon, sistema Ankom, tecido não-tecido Estimation of fibrous compounds contents in ruminant feeds with bags made from different textilesABSTRACT -The aim of this work was to evaluate the contents of in situ indigestible neutral detergent fiber (iNDF) and the fibrous particles lost in aqueous environment in some ruminant feeds by using bags made with different textiles.The physical structure of the textiles was also observed. Wheat bran (WB), soybean hulls (SH), corn silage (CS), and signal grass hay (SGH) samples were used. The bags used for rumen incubation were made of nylon (50 μm); F57 (Ankom®); and non-woven textile (NWT -100 g/m²). The feed samples were ground (1 mm) and conditioned in bags (4 × 5 cm) (six bags of each feedstuff/textile), in a ratio of 20 mg of dry matter/cm 2 of surface. The bags were incubated in the rumen of a cow fed with corn silage (70%) and concentrate (30%) for 144 hours. After that, the bags were removed, cleaned with running water and treated with neutral detergent. The residue was assumed as iNDF. The iNDF contents in WB, SH and CS were similar for F57 and NWT, but lowe...

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“…Cows were Omasal sampling and analyses Spot samples of omasal digesta leaving the rumen were collected through the reticulo-omasal orifice from the eight ruminally cannulated cows using the omasal sampling technique developed by Huhtanen et al (1997) and Ahvenjärvi et al (2000), as adapted by Reynal et al (2003). The following omasal digesta markers were used: indigestible NDF (Huhtanen et al, 1994) for the large particle phase (LP), YbCl 3 (modified from Siddons et al, 1985) for the small particle phase (SP) and Cr-EDTA (Udén et al, 1980) for the fluid phase (FP). A marker solution containing YbCl 3 , Cr-EDTA and 15 NH 4 SO 4 with 10 atom percentage excess 15 N (Isotec, Miamisburg, OH, USA) as a bacterial marker was prepared as described by Reynal and Broderick (2005).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supplementing lactating dairy cows with a vitamin B12 precursor, 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole, increases the apparent ruminal synthesis of vitamin B12

Brito

Chiquette

Stabler

et al. 2015

Animal

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Cobalamin (CBL), the biologically active form of vitamin B 12 , and its analogs, are produced by bacteria only if cobalt supply is adequate. The analogs differ generally by the nucleotide moiety of the molecule. In CBL, 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole (5,6-DMB) is the base in the nucleotide moiety. The present study aimed to determine if a supplement of 5,6-DMB could increase utilization of dietary cobalt for synthesis of CBL and change ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestibility, omasal flow of nutrients and ruminal protozoa counts. Eight ruminally cannulated multiparous Holstein cows (mean ± standard deviation = 238 ± 21 days in milk and 736 ± 47 kg of BW) were used in a crossover design. Cows were randomly assigned to a daily supplement of a gelatin capsule containing 1.5 g of 5,6-DMB via the rumen cannula or no supplement. Each period lasted 29 days and consisted of 21 days for treatment adaptation and 8 days for data and samples collection. Five corrinoids, CBL and four cobamides were detected in the total mixed ration and the omasal digesta from both treatments. The dietary supplement of 5,6-DMB increased (P = 0.02) apparent ruminal synthesis of CBL from 14.6 to 19.6 (s.e.m. 0.8) mg/day but had no effect (P > 0.1) on apparent ruminal synthesis of the four analogs. The supplement of 5,6-DMB had no effect (P > 0.1) on milk production and composition, or on protozoal count, ruminal pH and concentrations of volatile fatty acids and ammonia nitrogen in rumen content. The supplement had also no effect (P > 0.1) on intake, omasal flow and apparent ruminal digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, NDF, ADF and nitrogenous fractions. Plasma concentration of CBL was not affected by treatments (P = 0.98). Providing a preformed part of the CBL molecule, that is, 5,6-DMB, increased by 34% the apparent ruminal synthesis of CBL by ruminal bacteria but had no effect on ruminal fermentation or protozoa count and it was not sufficient to increase plasma concentrations of the vitamin. Even though the efficiency of cobalt utilization for apparent synthesis of CBL was increased from 2.0% to 2.7% by the 5,6-DMB supplement, this improved efficiency was still very low. Further research is needed to identify the factors affecting efficiency of utilization of cobalt for synthesis of CBL by the bacterial populations in rumen.Keywords: dairy cow, vitamin B 12 , cobalt, 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole, ruminal microflora ImplicationsUnlike other B vitamins, vitamin B 12 is not present in plants and is produced only by bacteria if cobalt supply is adequate. Therefore, dairy cows rely on synthesis of the vitamin by the bacteria present in rumen to cover their requirements. However, the proportion of cobalt used for these syntheses is low. Providing a preformed part of the vitamin B 12 molecule (5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole) increased by 34% apparent synthesis of the vitamin by ruminal bacteria but failed to increase substantially efficiency of cobalt utilization. The results highlight the lack of knowledge on nutritional factors driving ruminal pr...

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The use of internal markers to predict total digestibility and duodenal flow of nutrients in cattle given six different diets

Cited by 404 publications

References 34 publications

An inhibitor persistently decreased enteric methane emission from dairy cows with no negative effect on milk production

An inhibitor persistently decreased enteric methane emission from dairy cows with no negative effect on milk production

Estimação de teores de componentes fibrosos em alimentos para ruminantes em sacos de diferentes tecidos

Supplementing lactating dairy cows with a vitamin B12 precursor, 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole, increases the apparent ruminal synthesis of vitamin B12

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