The Use of Image Blur as a Depth Cue

Mather, George

doi:10.1068/p261147

Cited by 81 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…As reference blur increases beyond the value of the intrinsic space constant, the contribution of the latter diminishes. The minimum of the dipper function corresponds to the value of the intrinsic blur space constant (Watt 1988;Mather 1997). Table 2 shows the value of the Weber fraction and the intrinsic blur space constant for the best-fitting function in each experiment, along with the coefficient of determination.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pentland (1987) identified image blur as a more general source of depth information both in machine vision and in human vision. However, only recently has blur-mediated depth perception become a matter for investigation in psychophysical studies (Marshall et al 1996;Mather 1996Mather , 1997O'Shea et al 1997;Mather and Smith 2000). Owing to the depth-of-focus limitations of the eye's optics, retinal images of objects nearer or farther than the plane of fixation are blurred by an amount that depends on their relative distance from the fixation plane.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Blur Discrimination and its Relation to Blur-Mediated Depth Perception

Mather

Smith

2002

Perception

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Abstract. Retinal images of three-dimensional scenes often contain regions that are spatially blurred by different amounts, owing to depth variation in the scene and depth-of-focus limitations in the eye. Variations in blur between regions in the retinal image therefore offer a cue to their relative physical depths. In the first experiment we investigated apparent depth ordering in images containing two regions of random texture separated by a vertical sinusoidal border. The texture was sharp on one side of the border, and blurred on the other side. In some presentations the border itself was also blurred. Results showed that blur variation alone is sufficient to determine the apparent depth ordering. A subsequent series of experiments measured blur-discrimination thresholds with stimuli similar to those used in the depth-ordering experiment. Weber fractions for blur discrimination ranged from 0.28 to 0.56. It is concluded that the utility of blur variation as a depth cue is constrained by the relatively mediocre ability of observers to discriminate different levels of blur. Blur is best viewed as a relatively coarse, qualitative depth cue.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blur Discrimination and its Relation to Blur-Mediated Depth Perception

Mather

Smith

2002

Perception

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“…Some of these cues result from binocularity such as ocular vergence angle (Collewijn & Erkelens, 1990;Mon-Williams, Tresilian, & Roberts, 2000;Richard & Miller, 1969;Ritter, 1977;Viguier, Clement, & Trotter, 2001) and retinal disparity (Bishop, 1989;Mayhew & Longuet-Higgins, 1982), whilst monocular cues such as retinal blurring (Mather, 1997;O'Shea, Govan, & Sekuler, 1997), ocular accommodation (MonWilliams & Tresilian, 1999, 2000, as well as the surface texture, contrast and shading of fixated objects are also influential (Gonzalez & Perez, 1998;Johnston, 1991;Johnston, Cumming, & Parker, 1993;O'Shea, Blackburn, & Ono, 1994). …”

Section: General Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Looming motion primes the visuomotor system.

Skarratt¹,

Gellatly²,

Cole³

et al. 2014

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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A wealth of evidence now shows that human and animal observers display greater sensitivity to objects that move toward them than to objects that remain static or move away. Increased sensitivity in humans is often evidenced by reaction times that increase in rank order from looming, to receding, to static targets. However, it is not clear whether the processing advantage enjoyed by looming motion is mediated by the attention system or the motor system. The present study investigated this by first examining whether sensitivity is to looming motion per se or to certain monocular or binocular cues that constitute stereoscopic motion in depth. None of the cues accounted for the looming advantage. A perceptual measure was then used to examine performance with minimal involvement of the motor system. Results showed that looming and receding motion were equivalent in attracting attention, suggesting that the looming advantage is indeed mediated by the motor system. These findings suggest that although motion itself is sufficient for attentional capture, motion direction can prime motor responses.

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“…The depth-aware video enhancement makes the video more vivid and more realistic. Using the characteristics of human visual perception in [11][12] [13]. Three cues, contrast, saturation, and edge, are used to enhance the depth perception according to relative depth range.…”

Section: Depth-aware 2-d Video Enhancementmentioning

confidence: 99%

11.4: A Quality‐Scalable Depth‐Aware Video Processing System

Cheng

Tsai

et al. 2009

Symp Digest of Tech Papers

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The three-dimensional (3D) Introduction3D video signal processing has become a trend in the visual processing field. As 3D display technology matures, people aspire to experience the videos that closer to reality. Emerging 3D displays generate better stereo effects than conventional 2D displays. However, for existing 2D content, depth information is not recorded. The lack of an effective 3D content generation approach is a dilemma for 3D industry. Therefore, depth-aware video processing becomes an important issue.The main concept of depth generation is to retrieve the third dimensional information from multiple depth cues of existing 2D video content. When watching real world, human brain integrates various heuristic depth cues to generate depth perception. . Therefore, in order to create high quality depth map from single view video, both binocular and monocular cues need to be explored. In this paper, we propose a depth-aware video processing system. The proposed system can provides depth map and multi-view video for 3D/stereoscopic displays and also can enhance the depth perception on conventional 2D displays. Proposed Video Processing SystemThe system we proposed has three major cores, depth generation, depth-aware 2D video enhancement, and multi-view depth imagebased rendering (DIBR) [7], as shown in Figure 1. The detail of each part is explained in the following sub-sections. Depth GenerationThe depth generation module is the major part in the system. The module combines multiple depth cues. They are depth from motion parallax (DMP), depth from geometrical perspective (DGP), and depth from relative position (DRP). These cues are integrated by priority depth fusion method as shown in Figure 2.In binocular depth cue, multiple frames in temporal domain are used to approximate two views in spatial domain [5]. Firstly, the camera motion of the consecutive frames with respect to the current frame is analyzed by global motion estimation. The frame with most suitable baseline is selected and is warped to form a parallel view configuration with the current frame to compensate the camera motion.Therefore, the warped frame and the current frame can be approximated as binocular images. The disparity in spatial domain can be seen as motion parallax in temporal domain. Motion parallax is computed by block-based matching with spatial smoothness consideration. The spatial smoothness is applied to generate smooth motion vector using local optimization method.

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The Use of Image Blur as a Depth Cue

Cited by 81 publications

References 30 publications

Blur Discrimination and its Relation to Blur-Mediated Depth Perception

Blur Discrimination and its Relation to Blur-Mediated Depth Perception

Looming motion primes the visuomotor system.

11.4: A Quality‐Scalable Depth‐Aware Video Processing System

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