The Use of Gamma Irradiation in Plant Mutation Breeding

Beyaz, Ramazan; Yıldız, Mustafa

doi:10.5772/intechopen.69974

Cited by 52 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Some researches suggestes that the use of the irradiation of the plant explants or seeds to generate mutants with desirable properties, phenolic compound, phytoalexins, pathogenesis related proteins such as calatalase, glucanase, peroxidase or free radicals can generate in cells. These radicals and biochemical compounds can take an important role as a signal molecule activation of genes of antioxidant enzymes and proline, systemic acquired resistance (SAR) which are defence systems against the most plant pathogens in plant cells [21,22,23,24].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Gamma Rays Efficiency Against Rhizoctonia solani in Potatoes

Kara

Arıcı

2019

Open Chemistry

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There are many diseases in potatoes that cause loss of quality and yield in the world. One of them is the Rhizoctonia stem canker and black scurf of potato caused by Rhizoctonia solani (telemorph: Thanetephorus cucumeris). Disease resistant plants can be generated by irradiated application. By irradiating the plant explants, some radicals and biochemical compounds can be generated in cells. In this study, in-vitro cultured expiants from potato cv. Alonso were irradiated with gamma rays with five different doses (22, 33, 54, 57 and 109 Gy). After four sub-cultures in MS media, irradiated plants were inoculated with Rhizoctonia solani and potato plants were cultured at 24 ± 1°C in climate room conditions. The survival rates of the plants were determined after 15 days. Some parameters such as plant size, leaf number and number of plant nodes were recorded and compared with control groups. The highest survival rate of the plants (42%) was determined at 22 Gy and 109 Gy doses (42%) and the lowest survival rate of plants (20%) was determined in the positive control group (P<0.05). The highest number of plant nodes and number of leafs were determined at 54 Gy doses and maximum plant size was determined at 109 Gy doses.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Gamma Rays Efficiency Against Rhizoctonia solani in Potatoes

Kara

Arıcı

2019

Open Chemistry

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“…Physical mutagens namely X-rays, neutrons-alpha-beta particles, fast and thermal neutron, UV-light, especially gamma rays are used for the induction of mutation [36]. Physical mutagens are more common as compared to chemical mutagens (EMS) for mutagenesis.…”

Section: Physical Mutagenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Physical mutagens like x-rays and gamma rays are preferred by the breeders as compared to the chemical ones. Gamma rays were used more frequently which accounted to improve 1604 mutants than the X-rays which improved 561 mutants [36]. Plant's exposure to X-rays provided the first ever undeniable evidence that phenotypic variability can be induced artificially.…”

Section: Physical Mutagenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of Mutation Breeding to Sustain Food Security

Mir¹,

Maria²,

Muhammad³

et al. 2021

Genetic Variation

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Mutation is a sudden heritable change in the genetic material of living organism. Spontaneous mutation, the natural process that develops new allele copies of a gene was the only source of genetic diversity until the 20th century. Besides, mutations can also be induced artificially using physical or chemical mutagens. Chemical mutations received popularity due to its efficiency in creating gene mutations contrary to chromosomal changes. Mutation has played a vital role in the improvement of crop productivity and quality, resultantly > 3,000 varieties of 175 plant species have been developed either through direct or indirect induced mutation breeding approaches worldwide. The advances in plant breeding also achieved through molecular marker technology. The in vitro mutagenesis, heavy-ion beam, and space mutation breeding are being efficiently used to create genetic variability to improve various complicated traits in crop plants. In mutation breeding, TILLING (Targeting Induced Local Lesions in Genomes), a more advanced molecular technique is being used to identify specific sequential genomic changes in mutant plants. Therefore, the mutation breeding in combination with molecular techniques could be an efficient tool in plant breeding programs. This chapter will discuss and review the mutation breeding application for the improvement of crop productivity and environmental stresses.

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“…Mutation breeding has served in increasing crop yields and economic returns to the farmers, and availability of diversified genetic stock to breeders 10 . For mutagenesis of crop plants, different mutagenic agents can be used such as gamma rays, X-rays, and chemical agents 11 . The mutagenic changes cause variations in plant growth, height, leaf characteristics, and several biological and physiological traits including stomatal size and number 12 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting the physical mutagenesis for sugarcane improvement: a stomatal prospective

Yasmeen

Khan

2020

Sci Rep

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This study was conducted to investigate the influence of gamma rays on stomatal parameters and the interaction of these traits with agronomy of the sugarcane crop. Three genotypes of sugarcane (NIA-0819, NIA-98, and BL4) were exposed to four doses of gamma radiation (10, 20, 30, and 40 Gy) and then subjected to field trials. Stomatal length, width, and density were observed using scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, agronomic and sugar-related characteristics of the crop were determined at maturity. The stomatal parameters augmented at two lower doses of gamma radiation (10 and 20 Gy) and declined under higher doses (30 and 40 Gy). The maximum stomatal length was observed in NIA-0819 at 10 Gy (63.71 µm), whereas NIA-98 and BL4 demonstrated highest stomatal length under 20 Gy (54.11 and 57.40 µm, respectively), indicating a role of genetic factors in varietal response. Similar trend was noticed for stomatal width and density as well. The lowermost treatment (10 Gy) of NIA-0819 produced maximum stomatal density (115.31 stomata mm-2 on the abaxial surface). Adaxial stomatal density was significantly lower than the abaxial one. Sugar quality attributes revealed a different tendency. Sucrose contents of BL4 increased gradually from 12.33% at control to 14.54% at 40 Gy. Yield and yield-contributing traits of genotypes indicated a strong positive correlation with the stomatal parameters. The present study suggested that gamma radiations cause variations in stomatal characteristics of sugarcane. These changes further influence the photosynthetic activity and instigate a direct impact on the agronomic performance of the crop.

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The Use of Gamma Irradiation in Plant Mutation Breeding

Cited by 52 publications

References 33 publications

Determination of Gamma Rays Efficiency Against Rhizoctonia solani in Potatoes

Determination of Gamma Rays Efficiency Against Rhizoctonia solani in Potatoes

Potential of Mutation Breeding to Sustain Food Security

Revisiting the physical mutagenesis for sugarcane improvement: a stomatal prospective

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