Abstract:The essential oil (EO) and hydrosol (HL) isolated from Cuminum cyminum (cumin) seeds were evaluated against the root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica. The efficacy of extracts on the motility, hatching, and survival in soil of second-stage juveniles (J2s), and the activity on egg differentiation were tested. All J2s were paralyzed after immersion in the EO at 62.5 μL/L concentration for 96 h. Encouraging results were recorded using HL equal to or higher than 10% concentration for both Meloi… Show more
“…In our study, cumin extracts inhibited hatching in 39.5-59.3% of eggs, immobilized 12.5-22.9% of J2s, and killed 8.5-16.4% of J2s. The effects of essential oil and hydrosol isolated from cumin seeds on the mobility, hatching, and survival of J2s of M. incognita and M. javanica were studied by Pardavella et al (2020). Lower hatching of RKN eggs was observed with an increasing concentration of extracts, which is consistent with the current study.…”
Experiments were conducted in the laboratories and greenhouses of Plant Protection Department, Agricultural Faculty, Ondokuz Mayıs University in 2018 and 2019 to investigate the nematicidal effects of aqueous extracts of 13 spices on Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal, 1889) Chitwood, 1949 (Tylenchida: Meloidogynidae). Spice extract concentrations of 0.5, 1 and 2% were tested in laboratory experiments for inhibition of egg hatching, mortality and immobility of second-stage juveniles (J2s). When used at a concentration of 2%, clove, Syzygium aromaticum L. (Myrtales: Myrtaceae) caused the greatest immobility and mortality of J2s. The extracts had a lesser effect on J2s than the egg hatching. For the pot experiment, five effective spices extracts were selected based on the laboratory experiments. These extracts were applied at 2% to 200 g of soil inoculated with 3,000 nematode eggs then susceptible tomato seedlings were transplanted into the soil. Forty-five days after inoculation, the gall index and the quantity of nematode eggs on roots were determined and reproduction factor of nematode calculated. All extracts, except cumin, Cuminum cyminum L. (Apiales: Apiaceae), reduced root gall index and the reproduction factor when compared to control. Basil, Ocimum basilicum L. (Lamiales: Lamiaceae) extract reduced nematode reproduction the greatest degree, followed by turmeric, Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberales: Zingiberaceae) and clove extracts.
“…In our study, cumin extracts inhibited hatching in 39.5-59.3% of eggs, immobilized 12.5-22.9% of J2s, and killed 8.5-16.4% of J2s. The effects of essential oil and hydrosol isolated from cumin seeds on the mobility, hatching, and survival of J2s of M. incognita and M. javanica were studied by Pardavella et al (2020). Lower hatching of RKN eggs was observed with an increasing concentration of extracts, which is consistent with the current study.…”
Experiments were conducted in the laboratories and greenhouses of Plant Protection Department, Agricultural Faculty, Ondokuz Mayıs University in 2018 and 2019 to investigate the nematicidal effects of aqueous extracts of 13 spices on Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal, 1889) Chitwood, 1949 (Tylenchida: Meloidogynidae). Spice extract concentrations of 0.5, 1 and 2% were tested in laboratory experiments for inhibition of egg hatching, mortality and immobility of second-stage juveniles (J2s). When used at a concentration of 2%, clove, Syzygium aromaticum L. (Myrtales: Myrtaceae) caused the greatest immobility and mortality of J2s. The extracts had a lesser effect on J2s than the egg hatching. For the pot experiment, five effective spices extracts were selected based on the laboratory experiments. These extracts were applied at 2% to 200 g of soil inoculated with 3,000 nematode eggs then susceptible tomato seedlings were transplanted into the soil. Forty-five days after inoculation, the gall index and the quantity of nematode eggs on roots were determined and reproduction factor of nematode calculated. All extracts, except cumin, Cuminum cyminum L. (Apiales: Apiaceae), reduced root gall index and the reproduction factor when compared to control. Basil, Ocimum basilicum L. (Lamiales: Lamiaceae) extract reduced nematode reproduction the greatest degree, followed by turmeric, Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberales: Zingiberaceae) and clove extracts.
“…In recent years, a significant amount of research on the detection of nematicide products in hydrolates has been carried out. However, most studies tested aqueous extracts obtained by laboratory hydrodistillation (Clevenger apparatus) [34][35][36] without further processing, making these extracts difficult to standardize and replicate. The extraction of the organic fraction of the hydrolate allows quantifying the nematicidal activity as well as to standardize and characterize (chemical marker, chemical fingerprint) different batches of this active byproduct [9].…”
The hydrolate byproduct resulting from the industrial essential oil extraction of Spanish purple garlic has been studied against the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica by in vitro and in vivo bioassays. The essential oil, the hydrolate and its organic fraction caused high mortality of juveniles, suppressed egg hatch, and reduced nematode infection and reproduction on tomato plants. The nematicidal compounds of garlic oil, diallyl disulfide and diallyl trisulfide, were the major components of the hydrolate organic fraction. These findings have important implications for the development of new nematode control products based on garlic hydrolate compounds and highlight the recovery of waste from essential oils extraction, promoting a circular economy.
“…The essential oil of Cuminum cyminum has been found to have nematicidal activity against both M. incognita and M. javanica [55]. In essential oils extracted from C. cyminum seeds, p-cymene and γ-terpinene are the main nematicidal compounds.…”
Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) are one of the most destructive plant pathogens worldwide, and controlling them is extremely challenging. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which naturally exist in plants and microorganisms, play an important role in the biological control of PPNs and are considered potential substances for the development of commercial nematicides. This paper summarizes the VOCs produced by microorganisms and plants as well as their toxic effects on PPNs. VOCs from 26 microbial strains and 51 plants that are active against nematodes from over the last decade were reviewed. Furthermore, the mechanisms of toxicity of some VOCs against PPNs are also illustrated.
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