The Use of Endosperm Genes for Sweet Corn Improvement

Tracy, William F.; Shuler, Stacie L.; Dodson‐Swenson, Hallie

doi:10.1002/9781119616801.ch6

Cited by 13 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…Modern sweet corn depends on various altered alleles that disrupt endosperm starch synthesis which increase sugar content and alter polysaccharide composition [1,2]. Consequently, such changes are often the result of loss of function alleles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of these alleles lead to lead to potential problems in germination and emergence, especially in unfavorable environments. The genetic base of the temperate sweet corn germplasm is narrow due to a number of genetic bottlenecks during its evolution and largely based on the maize race "Northern Flint" [1][2][3]. First Nations people created Northern Flint by adapting corns from the region that now encompasses north-western Mexico and southwestern USA to north-eastern North America, a region with very different climatic conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sweet Corn Research around the World 2015–2020

2021

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Modern sweet corn is distinguished from other vegetable corns by the presence of one or more recessive alleles within the maize endosperm starch synthesis pathway. This results in reduced starch content and increased sugar concentration when consumed fresh. Fresh sweet corn originated in the USA and has since been introduced in countries around the World with increasing popularity as a favored vegetable choice. Several reviews have been published recently on endosperm genetics, breeding, and physiology that focus on the basic biology and uses in the US. However, new questions concerning sustainability, environmental care, and climate change, along with the introduction of sweet corn in other countries have produced a variety of new uses and research activities. This review is a summary of the sweet corn research published during the five years preceding 2021.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sweet Corn Research around the World 2015–2020

2021

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“…Sweetcorn ( Zea mays var. rugosa) is a sweet-tasting horticultural crop that is harvested while still physiologically immature with the sweetness accounted for by the sustained presence of sugars due to single genetic mutations affecting starch synthesis, such as the “supersweet” mutations, shrunken2 ( sh2 ) or brittle1 ( bt1 ) . The majority of sweetcorn cultivars are either yellow due to the endosperm carotenoid pigments, lutein and zeaxanthin, or white due to the absence of these pigments .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature and Maturity Stages Affect Anthocyanin Development and Phenolic and Sugar Content of Purple-Pericarp Supersweet Sweetcorn during Storage

Hong

Phan

O’Hare

2021

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Purple-pericarp sweetcorn (PPS) is a novel product, requiring both purple pigment development and maintenance of sweetness. Storage period and temperature had a profound impact on total anthocyanin accumulation (TAC) and sugar content. While TAC remained relatively unchanged during 14-day storage at 4 °C, the first recorded observation of continuing accumulation of anthocyanin and phenolic compounds was concurrent with an increase in purple pigment coverage across the surface of the kernel at 23 °C. TAC in PPS significantly increased, doubling after 14 days at 23 °C. Anthocyanin concentration and kernel coverage were also affected by harvest maturity. The results indicated that biosynthesis of anthocyanins is still occurring during postharvest storage of PPS. A significant decline in sugar concentration was also observed during storage with a greater decline at 23 °C. As anthocyanin accumulation and maintaining sweetness are important factors for sweetcorn, identifying storage temperatures that optimize both quality criteria are required.

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“…F o r e x a m p l e , s o r g h u m o r t h o l o g s o f S h 2 (Sobic.003G230500) and Se1 (Sobic.005G199300) are reasonable targets, which encode the large subunit of AGPase (Hannah and Nelson, 1976;Bhave et al, 1990) and a monocot-specific protein containing a FANTASTIC FOUR domain with unknown function (Zhang et al, 2019), respectively. Both genes have been incorporated into many sweet corn varieties, including super-sweet corn with improved fresh market quality (Tracy et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An analysis of sugary endosperm in sorghum: Characterization of mutant phenotypes depending on alleles of the corresponding starch debranching enzyme

Hashimoto

Okada²,

Araki-Nakamura³

et al. 2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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Sorghum is the fifth most important cereal crop. Here we performed molecular genetic analyses of the ‘SUGARY FETERITA’ (SUF) variety, which shows typical sugary endosperm traits (e.g., wrinkled seeds, accumulation of soluble sugars, and distorted starch). Positional mapping indicated that the corresponding gene was located on the long arm of chromosome 7. Within the candidate region of 3.4 Mb, a sorghum ortholog for maize Su1 (SbSu) encoding a starch debranching enzyme ISA1 was found. Sequencing analysis of SbSu in SUF uncovered nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the coding region, containing substitutions of highly conserved amino acids. Complementation of the rice sugary-1 (osisa1) mutant line with the SbSu gene recovered the sugary endosperm phenotype. Additionally, analyzing mutants obtained from an EMS-induced mutant panel revealed novel alleles with phenotypes showing less severe wrinkles and higher Brix scores. These results suggested that SbSu was the corresponding gene for the sugary endosperm. Expression profiles of starch synthesis genes during the grain-filling stage demonstrated that a loss-of-function of SbSu affects the expression of most starch synthesis genes and revealed the fine-tuned gene regulation in the starch synthetic pathway in sorghum. Haplotype analysis using 187 diverse accessions from a sorghum panel revealed the haplotype of SUF showing severe phenotype had not been used among the landraces and modern varieties. Thus, weak alleles (showing sweet and less severe wrinkles), such as in the abovementioned EMS-induced mutants, are more valuable for grain sorghum breeding. Our study suggests that more moderate alleles (e.g. produced by genome editing) should be beneficial for improving grain sorghum.

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The Use of Endosperm Genes for Sweet Corn Improvement

Cited by 13 publications

References 92 publications

Sweet Corn Research around the World 2015–2020

Sweet Corn Research around the World 2015–2020

Temperature and Maturity Stages Affect Anthocyanin Development and Phenolic and Sugar Content of Purple-Pericarp Supersweet Sweetcorn during Storage

An analysis of sugary endosperm in sorghum: Characterization of mutant phenotypes depending on alleles of the corresponding starch debranching enzyme

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