The use of electromechanical impedance conductance signatures for detection of weak adhesive bonds of carbon fibre–reinforced polymer

Malinowski, Paweł; Wandowski, Tomasz; Ostachowicz, Wiesław

doi:10.1177/1475921715586625

Cited by 63 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…It was proposed to embed the sensor into the lap joint [8,9]. The EMI method for CFRP adhesive bonds was investigated before in [10] but for moisture contamination, release agent contamination, and improper curing temperature of the adhesive. Only one sample of each kind was tested then.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical and Non-Destructive Study of CFRP Adhesive Bonds Subjected to Pre-Bond Thermal Treatment and De-Icing Fluid Contamination

et al. 2018

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Abstract:Composite materials are commonly used in many branches of industry. One of the effective methods to join the carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) parts includes the use of adhesives. There is a search on effective methods for quality assurance of bonded parts. In the research here reported the influence of surface pre-bond modification on the adhesive bonds of CFRP plates has been analyzed. Adherends surface modifications, to include defects affecting the bonding quality, were obtained through surface thermal treatment, surface contamination with de-icing fluid and a combination of both the previously described treatments. Characterization of bonded joints was performed by means of mechanical testing, ultrasounds and electromechanical impedance (EMI) measurements. The study here proposed has also the aim to evaluate the ability of different destructive and non-destructive techniques to assess the quality of the bonds. While mechanical tests were strongly affected by the surface modifications, results obtained ultrasound and EMI test have demonstrate only a limited ability of these techniques to differentiate between the different samples. In fact, ultrasounds did not show any changes in the bondline, due to pre-bond modifications. However, this technique was able to detect delamination in CFRP for one of the samples thermally treated at 280 • C. Electromechanical impedance (EMI) measurements showed similar behavior as mechanical tests for samples thermally treated at 260 • C and 280 • C, and for the sample whose surface modification was made with a combination of thermally and de-icing fluid treatments.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical and Non-Destructive Study of CFRP Adhesive Bonds Subjected to Pre-Bond Thermal Treatment and De-Icing Fluid Contamination

et al. 2018

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“…6 Later also the adhesive bonds were investigated with the EMI method. 9 High-frequency conductance curves in the range of the thickness resonance were studied. 7,8 The investigations were both numerical and experimental, but they focused only on aluminum lap joints.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7,8 It was performed by embedding a transducer in the lap joint. 9 In the new research reported here, we present new prebond modifications (thermal treatment, de-icing fluid contamination, local precuring of the adhesive). Here we focus on the sensitivity of the EMI method to the adhesive bonds of CFRP composites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of electromechanical impedance changes caused by modifications of CFRP adhesive bonds

Malinowski

Ostachowicz

Brune

et al. 2017

Fatigue Fract Eng Mat Struct

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Numerous techniques of nondestructive testing and structural health monitoring ofCFRP structural parts are studied. In this research, we focus on electromechanicalimpedance (EMI) technique. This technique is based on a piezoelectric sensor thatis surface mounted on or embedded in the inspected structure. Because of directand converse piezoelectric effects, the electrical response of the sensor is relatedto mechanical characteristic of the structure. In the reported research, adhesivelybonded CFRP samples were investigated. The EMI characteristics of samples withmodified bonds were compared with properly bonded referential samples. The followingmodifications were considered: prebond thermal treatment, prebond contaminationwith de‐icing fluid, and precuring of the adhesive. The EMI spectra wereinvestigated searching for anomalies and changes caused by modification of theadhesive bonds. Numerical indexes were used for the comparison of EMI characteristics.The sensitivity of the EMI method to modified bonds was observed

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“…[21,22] Furthermore, many researchers have employed electromechanical impedance (EMI) technique; Malinowski1 et al used the frequency shift of the first resonant mode and the root mean square as indicators to differentiate strong bonds from weak bonds. [23] The authors detected a frequency change with weak bond level (contamination and level of poor curing). They used relative small specimens and the applicability of their proposed methodology is still debatable for realistic structures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gulizzi et al [24] used EMI to monitor the degree of curing of the adhesive in aluminum joints on a larger scale in comparison to. [23] Because they used low frequencies, meaning relative long wavelengths, the efficiency of the technique to localise the weaken area is questionable. More recently, Dugnani et al proposed EMI technique by embedding piezoelectric transducers into the bondline.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of acoustic emission and composite peel tests to detect weak adhesion in composite structures

Freitas

Zarouchas

Poulis

2018

The Journal of Adhesion

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Adhesive bonding is one of the most promising joining technologies for composite aircraft. However, to comply with current aircraft certification rules, current safety-critical bonded joints, in which at least one of the interfaces requires additional surface preparation, are always used in combination with redundant mechanical fasteners, such as rivets and bolts. This lack of trust in bonded structures is mostly linked to the fear of lack of adhesion or a "weak bond".The aim of this paper is to tackle this challenge by assessing the ability to use composite peel tests and acoustic emission (AE) technique to assess adhesion quality and distinguish a good bond quality from a "weak bond".Composite Bell Peel (CBP) tests and Double-CantileverBeam (DCB) tests were performed on contaminated and noncontaminated CFRP bonded specimens. The results show that peel strength drops significantly at the location of the contaminated interface that has led to weak adhesion, as a result from adhesive failure. The AE signals obtained during DCB tests show different features for cracks growing at the interface ("weak bonds") and inside the adhesive layer (cohesive failure). In addition to this, scattering of the AE signals were observed in the contaminated specimens with "weak bonds". ARTICLE HISTORY

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The use of electromechanical impedance conductance signatures for detection of weak adhesive bonds of carbon fibre–reinforced polymer

Cited by 63 publications

References 11 publications

Mechanical and Non-Destructive Study of CFRP Adhesive Bonds Subjected to Pre-Bond Thermal Treatment and De-Icing Fluid Contamination

Mechanical and Non-Destructive Study of CFRP Adhesive Bonds Subjected to Pre-Bond Thermal Treatment and De-Icing Fluid Contamination

Study of electromechanical impedance changes caused by modifications of CFRP adhesive bonds

The use of acoustic emission and composite peel tests to detect weak adhesion in composite structures

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