The use of copper alloy CuCrZr as a structural material for actively cooled plasma facing and in vessel components

Lipa, M.; Durocher, A.; Tivey, R.; Huber, T.; Schedler, B.; Weigert, J.

doi:10.1016/j.fusengdes.2005.06.056

Cited by 73 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…W has excellent thermo-mechanical properties, high thermal conductivity, low physical sputtering rate, low tritium inventory, and the highest melting point among all metals, so it is considered a promising plasma-facing material for the armors protecting the divertor of the ITER (International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor) [1][2][3][4][5][6]. It has been already used in reactors like Joint European Torus (JET) [7] and Axially Symmetric Divertor Experiment Upgrade (ASDEX-U) [8] as a thin coating on substrates of carbon fiber composites (CFCs) and graphite.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser Pulse Effects on Plasma-Sprayed and Bulk Tungsten

Montanari

Pakhomova

Pizzoferrato

et al. 2017

Metals

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Tungsten (W) is considered a promising plasma-facing material for protecting the divertor of the ITER (International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor). The effects on W of transient thermal loads of high energy occurring in a tokamak under operative conditions have been simulated through a single laser pulse delivered by an Nd:YAG laser. Bulk and plasma-sprayed (PS) samples have been submitted to tests and successively examined via SEM (scanning electron microscopy) observations. In both types of materials, the laser pulse induces similar effects: (i) a crater forms in the spot central area; (ii) all around the area, the ejection and the movement of molten metal give rise to a ridge; (iii) in a more external area, the surface shows plates with jagged boundaries and cracks induced by thermal stresses; (iv) the pores present in the original material become preferred ablation sites. However, the affected surface area in PS samples is larger and asymmetric if compared to that of bulk material. Such a difference has been explained by considering how microstructural characteristics influence heat propagation from the irradiated spot, and it was found that grain size and shape play a decisive role.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser Pulse Effects on Plasma-Sprayed and Bulk Tungsten

Montanari

Pakhomova

Pizzoferrato

et al. 2017

Metals

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“…In this paper a FEM based computational case study was presented regarding the The non-linear kinematic hardening law is expressed as [3] The five material parameters of the combined nonlinear hardening law are calibrated by fitting method using the stabilised loops of unidirectional strain controlled cyclic tension-compression tests [2]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Precipitation-hardened copper alloy, CuCrZr is currently considered to be a favoured candidate material for the heat sink of PFCs due to its excellent thermo-physical and thermo-mechanical behaviour [3]. On the other hand, soft copper is considered as material for the stressrelieving bond interlayer (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of plastic softening of over-aged CuCrZr alloy heat sink tube on the structural reliability of a plasma-facing component

Miśkiewicz

You

2008

Fusion Engineering and Design

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Precipitation-hardened CuCrZr alloy is used in fusion experiments as heat sink material for water-cooled plasma-facing components. When exposed to long term high-heat-flux (HHF) plasma operation, CuCrZr will undergo over-ageing and thus plastic softening. In this situation the softened CuCrZr heat sink tube will suffer from substantial plastic straining and thus fatigue damage in the course of the cyclic HHF loads. In this paper a computational case study is presented regarding the cyclic plasticity behaviour of the over-aged CuCrZr cooling tube in a water-cooled tungsten mono-block divertor component. Finite element analysis was performed assuming ten typical high-heat-flux load cycles and using the Frederick-Armstrong constitutive equation together with corresponding material parameters. It was shown that plastic shakedown and low cycle fatigue (LCF) would be caused in the heat sink tube when softening of CuCrZr should occur. On the other hand, neither elastic shakedown nor cumulative plastic strain (ratchetting) was found. LCF design life of the CuCrZr tube was estimated based on the ITER materials handbook considering both hardened and softened states of CuCrZr. Substantial impact of softening of the CuCrZr alloy on the LCF lifetime of the heat sink tube was demonstrated.

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“…In comparison, the CuNiCrSi alloy shows a higher ultimate tensile strength of 600-800 MPa but a lower electrical conductivity of about 45% IACS due to different additions [2]. The dissimilar joints of CuCrZr and CuNiCrSi alloy with good balance of strength and electrical conductivity can be widely applied to many industries, such as large generator rotor and international thermo nuclear experiment reactor (ITER) components [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure and Mechanical Characterization of a Dissimilar Friction-Stir-Welded CuCrZr/CuNiCrSi Butt Joint

Sun

Xue

et al. 2018

Metals

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Dissimilar CuNiCrSi and CuCrZr butt joints were successfully frictionstirwelded at constant welding speed of 150 mm/min and rotational speed of 1400 rpm with the CuCrZr alloy or the CuNiCrSi alloy located on the advancing side (AS). The microstructure and mechanical properties of joints were investigated. When the CuCrZr alloy was located on the AS, the area of retreating material in the nugget zone was a little bigger. The Cr solute-rich particles were found in the nugget zone on CuCrZr side (CuCrZr-NZ) while a larger density of solute-rich particles identified as the concentration of Cr and Si element was found in the nugget zone on CuNiCrSi side (CuNiCrSi-NZ). The Cr precipitates and δ-Ni 2 Si precipitates were found in the base metal on CuNiCrSi side (CuNiCrSi-BM) but only Cr precipitates can be observed in the base metal on CuCrZr side (CuCrZr-BM). Precipitates were totally dissolved into Cu matrix in both CuCrZr-NZ and CuNiCrSi-NZ, which led to a sharp decrease in both micro-hardness and tensile strength from BM to NZ. When the CuNiCrSi was located on the AS, the tensile testing results showed the fracture occurred at the CuCrZr-NZ, while the fracture was found at the mixed zone of CuNiCrSi-NZ and CuCrZr-NZ for the other case.

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The use of copper alloy CuCrZr as a structural material for actively cooled plasma facing and in vessel components

Cited by 73 publications

References 3 publications

Laser Pulse Effects on Plasma-Sprayed and Bulk Tungsten

Laser Pulse Effects on Plasma-Sprayed and Bulk Tungsten

Impact of plastic softening of over-aged CuCrZr alloy heat sink tube on the structural reliability of a plasma-facing component

Microstructure and Mechanical Characterization of a Dissimilar Friction-Stir-Welded CuCrZr/CuNiCrSi Butt Joint

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