The Use of Bromthymol Blue Agar and Phenol Red Mannitol Agar for the Isolation of Pathogenic Types of Staphylococci*

Chapman, George H.; Lieb, Clarence W.; Curcio, Lillian G.

doi:10.1093/ajcp/8.ts2.1.3

Cited by 9 publications

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“…Mannitol fermentation was used in the classification of these cocci by Andrewes & Gordon (1907), Dudgeon (1908), Julianelle (1937), Chapman, Lieb & Curcio (1938), and by others; it was not considered of value by Winslow & Winslow (1908), or by Winslow, Rothberg & Parsons (1920). With glucose, it appears to be one of the most constant of the fermentation reactions (Blair, 1938) and these have the greatest claim to differential value of all the ' sugar ' tests.…”

Section: Classijcation Of Staphylococcimentioning

confidence: 99%

Staphylococci and their Classification

Shaw

Stitt

Cowan

1951

Journal of General Microbiology

162

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SUMMARY: The biochemical and fermentation reactions of 432 strains of aerobic, catalase-positive, Gram-positive cocci were examined in an attempt to produce an orderly classification of the group. The subdivision into Staphylococcus, Micrococcus, Gaflkya and Sarcina could not be justified, and, as Micrococcus is regarded as an invalid generic name, all aerobic species are placed in the genus Staphylococeus with the type species Staph. aureus Rosenbach.The primary subdivision was made on the coagulase reaction, with secondary subdivisions of the coagulase-negative strains based on the production of acid and acetoin from glucose. The characterization of the subdivisions is presented in a quantitative way.'The boundaries of the species, whereby msort them, are made by men.' (LOCKE, 168v.1The aerobic catalase-positive Gram-positive cocci present many taxonomic problems which must be resolved before a stable system of nomenclature can be applied to them. We visualize a series of organisms of similar gross morphology that show slight differences in cultural and biochemical reactions, a series that can be likened to a spectrum in that there is a gradual change from the inert non-pathogenic strains to the highly active pathogenic strains.To test this hypothesis we sought the help of other workers and collected strains from as many sources as possible, and, through the kindness of Dr Ruth E. Gordon, received subcultures of all coagulase-negative strains in the American Type Culture Collection. All strains received, and those in the National Collection of Type Cultures, were put through a standard series of tests which are described in this paper. All cultures were carefully checked for purity, and were dried in vacuo (Rhodes, 1950). METHODSOptimal temperature for growth. Three nutrient agar slopes, spread with a loopful of broth culture, were incubated a t 22, 30 and 37'. Growth was recorded after 24 ahd, 48 hr.Morphology. Broth cultures incubated a t 22' were examined for packet formation. Smears made from agar cultures incubated at the optimal temperature were stained by Lillie's modification of Gram's method.Biochemical tests were usually made on cultures incubated at the optimal temperature for growth; if an organism grew equally well at two temperatures, the higher temperature was used. Exceptions to this generalization were tests for the liquefaction of gelatin, and certain retests carried out after the main tests had been completed; details are given in the appropriate section.Pigment. Strains were grown on potato and on nutritent agar a t the optimal temperature for 24 hr. and kept a t room temperature for a week in diffuse daylight. Pigment was recorded as gold, lemon-yellow, or pink.

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Section: Classijcation Of Staphylococcimentioning

confidence: 99%

Staphylococci and their Classification

Shaw

Stitt

Cowan

1951

Journal of General Microbiology

162

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“…Moreover, it inhibits most nonpathogenic staphylococci also. It was pointed out (Chapman, Lieb, and Curcio, 1938) ISOLATION OF PATHOGENIC STAPHYLOCOCCI that yeasts, enterococci, and coliforms also grow on the medium, but there is little chance of confusing them with colonies of pathogenic staphylococci because the latter are so characteristic. The coliforms may be almost entirely eliminated by adding potassium tellurite to the medium (Chapman, 1944).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was found (Chapman, Lieb, and Curcio, 1938) that 14.8 per cent of pathogenic staphylococci were markedly inhibited and that 37.7 per cent were slightly inhibited on bromthymol-blue lactose agar. Since Bacto phenol-red mannitol agar does not inhibit staphylococci (Chapman, Lieb, and Curcio, 1938) it affords an excellent test of the inhibiting properties of bromthymolblue. lactose agar.…”

Section: Relative Number Of Plasma-coagulating Staphylococci In Diffementioning

confidence: 95%

“…Since 1937 more than 7,000 samples have been tested routinely in this laboratory on Bacto bromthymol-blue lactose agar (Chapman et at., 1937) and Bacto phenol-red mannitol agar (Chapman, Lieb, and Curcio, 1938) for the isolation of plasma-coagulating staphylococci. Althpugh our impressions of the results obtained have been favorable, the publication of an adverse (but unsubstantiated) opinion by an investigator of recognized ability (Blair, 1939) made it imperative to undertake a critical and extensive analysis of the methods advocated.…”

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