2007
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsc.2007.07.001
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The Use of Botulinum Toxin A in Perioral Rejuvenation

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Cited by 16 publications
(33 citation statements)
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“… The orbicularis oris is a circular muscle with upper and lower lip contributions and deep and superficial fibers 3,6 . Its primary function is the direct closure of the lips; deep fibers apply lips to the alveolar arch close to the teeth and bring lips together, while contractions of superficial fibers protrude lips forward 3,12 .…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“… The orbicularis oris is a circular muscle with upper and lower lip contributions and deep and superficial fibers 3,6 . Its primary function is the direct closure of the lips; deep fibers apply lips to the alveolar arch close to the teeth and bring lips together, while contractions of superficial fibers protrude lips forward 3,12 .…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The risorius dilates the mouth and widens the rima oris. The depressor anguli oris (see anatomical description below) dilates the mouth and depresses the labial commissures bilaterally to frown 6 . The buccinator muscle, a deep lateral muscle, pulls back the angle of the mouth and flattens the cheek, holding it to the teeth during chewing.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Although neurotoxins commonly are perceived as "wrinkle relaxers," they are included in the discussion of facial shaping agents because chemodenervation is a valuable face-shaping tool in all areas of the face when applied appropriately and skillfully. [1][2][3][4][5] BTTA products are presynaptic nerve blockers that selectively relax the injected muscles. The cosmetic effect is achieved by rebalancing the activity of muscles in the face by weakening some and not others and by carefully choosing the dose of BTTA according to the degree of weakening that is desired, according to each patient's individual anatomy, muscle mass, and the cosmetic goals to be achieved.…”
Section: Neurotoxinsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…La toxina botulínica serotipo A (en adelante TB-A), la usada más ampliamente en la práctica clínica (11), se une con alta afinidad a las terminaciones nerviosas colinérgicas, mediadas por la acetilcolina, inhibiendo su actividad. La acetilcolina está considerada como el neurotransmisor más importante a nivel del sistema nervioso mientérico, encargado de los movimientos intrínsecos gastrointestinales.…”
Section: Introductionunclassified