Nonsurgical Modalities to Treat the Aging Face

Abstract

Injectable shaping agents include neurotoxins (botulinum toxin type A products), replacement fillers (hyaluronic acid [HA] agents), and biostimulatory fillers (calcium hydroxylapatite [CaHA], polymethylmethacrylate [PMMA], and poly-L-lactic acid [PLLA]). This article presents an overview of the agents currently available for use in facial rejuvenation in the United States.

Complications of injectable fillers and neurotoxins

“…The saturated formulations provide a 1 : 1 volume correction, and once injected, the volume will not increase further. The anhydrous formulations, however, are designed to absorb water from the body, and the initial volume therefore increases after injection (14).…”

“…The gel vehicle is composed of 3.5% bovine collagen, 92.6% buffered isotonic water, 0.3% lidocaine, 2.7% phosphate buffer, and 0.9% sodium chloride. PMMA provides a scaffold for human collagen deposition (14). A number of AEs have been reported with this product, including local tissue necrosis, granuloma formation, chronic inflammation, and infection.…”

Single-Arm Study for the Characterization of Human Tissue Response to Injectable Poly-L-Lactic Acid

“…Over the past decade, there has been increasing awareness that volume loss is an important factor in the manifestation of facial aging . As a result, the use of nonsurgical procedures has increased, and various products with different mechanisms of action are available .…”

“…Over the past decade, there has been increasing awareness that volume loss is an important factor in the manifestation of facial aging . As a result, the use of nonsurgical procedures has increased, and various products with different mechanisms of action are available . Injectable poly‐L‐lactic acid (PLLA; Sculptra Aesthetic, Sculptra; Valeant Aesthetics, a division of Valeant Pharmaceuticals, North America LLC, Bridgewater, NJ) is a biodegradable, biocompatible device made of a synthetic polymer derived from the alpha hydroxy acid family and is supplied as microparticles along with carboxymethylcellulose and mannitol .…”

“…1,2 As a result, the use of nonsurgical procedures has increased, and various products with different mechanisms of action are available. 2,3 Injectable poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA; Sculptra Aesthetic, Sculptra; Valeant Aesthetics, a division of Valeant Pharmaceuticals, North America LLC, Bridgewater, NJ) is a biodegradable, biocompatible device made of a synthetic polymer derived from the alpha hydroxy acid family and is supplied as microparticles along with carboxymethylcellulose and mannitol. [4][5][6] It is indicated for the correction of wrinkles and nasolabial fold contour deficiencies in immunocompetent individuals and for the restoration and/or correction of the signs of facial lipoatrophy in individuals with human immunodeficiency virus.…”