The Use of Both Therapeutic and Prophylactic Vaccines in the Therapy of Papillomavirus Disease

Garbuglia, Anna Rosa; Lapa, Daniele; Sias, Catia; Capobianchi, Maria Rosaria; Porto, Paola Del

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.00188

Cited by 120 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 140 publications

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“…Most of the prophylactic vaccines against viral diseases activate the B cell immune response for producing neutralizing antibodies. On the other side, the therapeutic vaccines are designed to generate cell-mediated immunity [117] . In this study, the designed vaccine was predicted to have high ability to induce neutralizing antibodies production against binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein which makes the vaccine appropriate to be used as a prophylactic vaccine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the out of sight antigens of SARS-CoV-2 to design a candidate multi-epitope vaccine by utilizing immunoinformatics approaches

Safavi

Kefayat

Mahdevar

et al. 2020

Vaccine

102

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Highlights The vaccine is composed of immunodominant regions of SARS-CoV-2 non-structural proteins. Also, the functional region of the spike protein is incorporated in the vaccine construct. The final vaccine construct contains multiple CD8+ and CD4+ overlapping epitopes Also, it contains multiple IFN-γ inducing, linear and conformational B cell epitopes. It forms significant interactions and stable complex with TLR-4/MD. The DNA vaccine is designed by reverse translation of the final vaccine construct.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the out of sight antigens of SARS-CoV-2 to design a candidate multi-epitope vaccine by utilizing immunoinformatics approaches

Safavi

Kefayat

Mahdevar

et al. 2020

Vaccine

102

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“…However, these vaccines are only able to prevent, but not clear the infection. Instead, therapeutic vaccines aimed at generating a cell-based immune response instead of neutralizing antibodies have been developed and are currently being tested in several clinical trials [36]. However, no therapeutic vaccination approach has been licensed so far, and the trial results have to be awaited.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of PD-L1 Expression and HPV Genotyping in Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Wessely

Heppt

Kammerbauer

et al. 2020

Cancers

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Anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a rare cancer with increasing incidence. Infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) subtypes is the major cause for its development. We retrospectively analyzed tumor samples from 54 anal SCC patients for infection with a panel of 32 HPV subtypes in a PCR-based approach, determined the PD-L1 expression status, and correlated the findings with the clinical data and the survival of the patients. Forty-two patients (77.8%) were HPV-positive and harbored at least one carcinogenic HPV subtype. HPV16 was the most frequently detected (n = 39, 72.2%). Four patients were infected with multiple HPV subtypes. HPV infection was significantly more often detected in female than in male patients (90.3% vs. 60.9%, p = 0.018). Patients with PD-L1 positive tumors showed a significantly better median overall survival (OS) compared with patients with PD-L1 negative tumors (69.3 vs. 28.3 months, p = 0.006). The median OS was significantly different among the distinct tumor stages (p = 0.029). Sex, grade of differentiation, and HPV infection status did not influence the median OS. Furthermore, HPV infection status and PD-L1 expression were not correlated. A multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that PD-L1 expression status was an independent prognostic marker for survival (p = 0.012).

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“…While there is considerable interest in development of potential therapeutic vaccines against HPV‐related cancers, none are yet licensed (Garbuglia, Lapa, Sias, Capobianchi, & Del Porto, 2020). Several of these act by enhancing T‐cell immune responses, which is clearly a challenge in PLWH.…”

Section: Question 3 What Are the Mechanisms Of Molecular Synergy Betmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viruses and oral diseases in HIV‐infected individuals on long‐term antiretroviral therapy: What are the risks and what are the mechanisms?

2020

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As a result of the extension of life span produced by increasing access to combined antiretroviral therapy, people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH) face new challenges from comorbidities. Although advances in medical care for HIV infection have dramatically reduced opportunistic infections and AIDS‐defining cancers, some non‐AIDS‐defining cancers (NADC) and specific oral diseases such as periodontitis and salivary gland disease are now more prevalent. Cancer prevention is, therefore, a priority issue in care of PLWH, stressing both restoration of immune function and reduction of non‐HIV cancer risk factors (tobacco in all its forms; areca nut; heavy alcohol consumption; diets lacking antioxidant vitamins and minerals; and oncogenic virus infections) through specific interventions, especially tobacco and areca nut cessation and alcohol moderation. Detection of oral high‐risk human papillomaviruses (HR‐HPV) and the universal preventive HPV vaccination among PLWH should be promoted to reduce the malignancy burden, along with routine oral examinations which remain the cheapest, most reliable, most reproducible, and non‐invasive tool to identify suspicious lesions. Also, considerations of oral inflammation and periodontal health are important to replication and gene expression of viruses in the mouth. Considering that a key risk factor for this scenario is the presence of oncogenic virus infection such as several members of the human herpesvirus and human papillomavirus families, here we analyze the variables involved in the seeming increase in comorbidities in PLWH.

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The Use of Both Therapeutic and Prophylactic Vaccines in the Therapy of Papillomavirus Disease

Cited by 120 publications

References 140 publications

Exploring the out of sight antigens of SARS-CoV-2 to design a candidate multi-epitope vaccine by utilizing immunoinformatics approaches

Exploring the out of sight antigens of SARS-CoV-2 to design a candidate multi-epitope vaccine by utilizing immunoinformatics approaches

Evaluation of PD-L1 Expression and HPV Genotyping in Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Viruses and oral diseases in HIV‐infected individuals on long‐term antiretroviral therapy: What are the risks and what are the mechanisms?

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