The Use of Biotin in Poultry Nutrition

Whitehead, C. C.

doi:10.1079/wps19770012

Cited by 20 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Externally, the lesions began as small hard discolourations of the skin, progressing into cracks, haemorrhaging and scabs on the metatarsal and digital pads along with acute inflammation and necrosis of the epidermis in mature lesions as reported by Whitehead (1977) and Greene et al (1985). At a cellular level, hyperkeratosis of the surface keratin and epithelial hyperplasia were often observed, which is consistent with previous results (Whitehead, 1990).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Previous work has examined the progression of FPD on the basis of external scores and showed that lesions begin as scaly skin on the foot pad, developing into cracks, with haemorrhaging and scabs on the metatarsal and digital pads (Whitehead, 1977;Greene et al, 1985). Histopathological work has mostly examined the cellular changes present after lesions have occurred (Richardson and Wilgus, 1967;Harms and Simpson, 1975;Martland, 1984Martland, , 1985Greene et al, 1985;Gonder and Barnes, 1987;Whitehead, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Foot pad dermatitis develops at an early age in commercial turkeys

Mayne

Hocking

Else

2006

British Poultry Science

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1. A field experiment was conducted to identify the macroscopic and histological changes associated with the development of foot pad dermatitis (FPD) in growing turkeys. Two affected and two unaffected turkeys were sampled weekly from 1 to 8 and at 10 and 21 weeks of age. 2. At one week old, birds with external signs of FPD (surface skin discolouration) showed abnormal cellular changes of the foot pad integument. As the flock aged the reactions intensified, with one sample exhibiting a fully developed macroscopic lesion at 3 weeks. 3. Major pathological changes had occurred by 6 weeks and all turkeys with external signs of lesions had fully developed microscopic inflammatory cellular lesions. From 6 weeks of age onwards lesions were increasingly numerous and became more overtly necrotic. 4. Externally normal foot pads showed microscopic evidence of lesions after the turkeys reached 4 weeks. 5. We conclude that FPD lesions become severe over a short period of time and at a very early age.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Foot pad dermatitis develops at an early age in commercial turkeys

Mayne

Hocking

Else

2006

British Poultry Science

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“…because de cient diets do not cause clinical symptoms in adult birds (Whitehead, 1977;Scott, 1981). In our study, the birds were fed a diet adequate (Scott, 1981) in biotin, and no clinical signs of de ciency were found.…”

Section: Foot Pad Lesionsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Wet litter and perches as risk factors for the development of foot pad dermatitis in floor-housed hens

Wang¹,

Ekstrand²,

Svedberg³

1998

British Poultry Science

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1. An experiment was conducted to determine whether different moisture levels of litter and perches with different hygienic conditions are involved in the manifestation of foot pad dermatitis in White Leghorn layers. 2. Four different treatments were compared: dry litter and dry perches; dry litter and wet perches; wet litter and dry perches; and wet litter and wet perches. Temperature, pH, air humidity and ammonia changes in the pens were monitored. 3. The mean prevalence of foot pad lesions in groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 was 17%, 13%, 49% and 48% respectively. The overall incidence of foot pad lesions in birds reared on dry litter was 38%, and in birds reared on wet litter 92%. 4. When the air temperature was above 20 degrees C, an increasing moisture content in the litter was associated with an increasing incidence of foot pad dermatitis. However, when the air temperature was below 20 degrees C there were no new cases of dermatitis in any of the 4 treatments. There were no significant differences in litter pH or ammonia between the 4 treatments when compared over the whole experiment. 5. Although the incidence of lesions was not significantly affected by the presence of wet perches, the area of the lesions tended to be in groups with wet patches than in groups with dry perches. 6. It is suggested that moisture and temperature are important contributing factors for the occurrence of foot pad dermatitis in laying hens. Wet perches may contribute to the severity of such lesions.

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“…Although the lesions resembled those observed on biotin-deficient hens by McElroy and Jukes (1940), Frigg (1976), and Whitehead (1977), research by Atuahene et al (1984) revealed that an increase of dietary biotin did not reduce the incidence of this condition. Burger et al (1984) also noted that dietary supplements of various vitamin and trace mineral mixtures, methionine, meat and bone meal, fish meal, and safflower oil were without effect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 63%

A Cage-Related Foot Pad Dermatitis in Dwarf and Normal-Sized Single Comb White Leghorn Layers

Burger

Arscott

1984

Poultry Science

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Studies were conducted to determine if wire cage floors were involved in producing a foot pad dermatitis in dwarf and normal-sized Single Comb White Leghorn layers. Dermatitis scores were found to be higher for dwarf birds reared in cages versus litter floors. The use of plastic-coated cage floor inserts and wooden perches reduced the incidence of dermatitis in caged dwarf birds. Normal-sized layers consistently exhibited a lower incidence of dermatitis than did dwarf hens.

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The Use of Biotin in Poultry Nutrition

Cited by 20 publications

References 46 publications

Foot pad dermatitis develops at an early age in commercial turkeys

Foot pad dermatitis develops at an early age in commercial turkeys

Wet litter and perches as risk factors for the development of foot pad dermatitis in floor-housed hens

A Cage-Related Foot Pad Dermatitis in Dwarf and Normal-Sized Single Comb White Leghorn Layers

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