The Use of Apple Pomace in Removing Heavy Metals from Water and Sewage

Abstract

The release of toxic substances in the environment continues to be a problem despite increased efforts to reduce this. The commonly used methods of removing heavy metal ions from water and wastewater have many disadvantages, including a low efficiency and high cost. Heavy metals and dyes are the most problematic pollutants due to their toxicity and stability in the environment. For this reason, in recent years, remediation technologies such as the sorption on materials of natural origin, have been developed. However, these technologies are still rarely used at an industrial level. Recently, scientists have attempted to apply the promising properties of nanotechnology to this field, conducting research on the possibility of using biosorbents in the nanoscale in wastewater treatment. Much attention is currently paid to the preparation of cost-effective, efficient, and environmentally friendly adsorbents, as well as their chemical modifications, to increase the metal removal efficiency from water and wastewater. The waste materials from the agricultural industry are cheap adsorbents that require little treatment. This kind of biosorbent is not able to remove specific metal ions, but by chemical modifications its adsorption capacity and specificity can be increased. The data from the literature are reported for various types of bio-adsorbent materials, e.g., fruit or vegetable pomace and nut shells. One of the most promising raw materials is apple pomace. It was estimated that, in recent years, global apple production reached approximately 75 million tons, equating to 5–7 million tons of apple pomace per year. The management of such waste is a serious challenge. The rational management of exhausting resources requires looking at waste in terms of its use as a reusable raw material. The aim of this paper was to collect information and compare the parameters (pH, dose of adsorbent, and kinetics, etc.) of heavy metal sorption on apple pomace in order to demonstrate the potential of this adsorbent application.

Removal of Zinc Ions from Aqueous Solutions with the Use of Lignin and Biomass Part II

“…Lignin, occurring in large quantities as a by-product in pulp production, and so far used mainly for energy purposes, enjoys unflagging interest. The structure of lignin creates great opportunities for scientific and applicative activities [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8], while its recovery from black liquors can provide significant environmental benefits. For example, the extensive structure of the lignin molecule and the presence of characteristic functional groups on its surface allows to use it as a sorbent to capture metal ions and effectively remove them from the environment.…”

The Simultaneous Removal of Copper and Lead onto Banana Peels (Musa Acuminata) Using A Central Composite Design

“…The Simultaneous Removal of Copper and Lead onto Banana Peels (Musa Acuminata) Using A Central Composite Design Felicia O. Afolabi 1 , Paul Musonge 1,2 , Babatunde F. Bakare 2 , Amin Shavandi 3 and Oseweuba V. Okoro 3 eggshells [16], lentil husks [17], banana peels [18,19], and apple pomace [20] etc. In this study, banana peels were used for the simultaneous removal of copper and lead ions in an aqueous solution.…”

Рослинні Відходи Як Джерело Для Створення Сорбційних Матеріалів

“…Ціла низка робіт присвячена сорбентам на основі відходів сільського господарства (лушпиння соняшнику, рису, гречки, качанів кукурудзи, кірок апельсинів і бананів, пальмових і бавовняних волокон тощо). Аналіз літературних джерел свідчить, що цінним видом сировини для створення сорбентів є насіння різних видів рослин [1,[3][4][5][6]. Так, досліджено можливість використання насіння Caesalpinia Bonducella [1], тропічних фруктів Psidium guajava [5] та Cаrica papаya [4], та індійського дерева Polyalthia Longifolia [6], та Strychnos [2] для видалення йонів Cu 2+ , Ni 2+ , Pb 2+ , Cd 2+ iз водних розчинів.…”

“…1. Схема та параметри процесів фізико-хімічного модифікування рослинної сировини [9] Таблиця 1 Структура вихідної та модифікованої рослинної сировини [9] Сировина Об'єм адсорбційних пор за бензолом, см 3…”