The use of antigibberelins with different mechanisms of action on morphogenesis and production process regulation in the plant Solanum melongena (Solanaceae)

We studied the comparable effect of gibberelic acid and tebuconazole on morphogenesis, mesostructure formation and redistribution of flows in sweet peppers and tomatoes. It has been found that the use of gibberelic acid and tebuconazole retardant during budding leads to increased plant productivity due to optimization of the structure and operation of the plants’ leaf apparatus. It was established that both gibberelic and antigibberelic tebuconazole drug stimulated the formation and functioning of the photosynthetic apparatus of peppers and tomatoes, but the mechanisms of this regulation were different. Increased photosynthetic activity of plants under the influence of gibberellin was determined primarily by the formation of more leaves and total leaf surface. When using tebuconazole retardant there was a significant restructuring of the organization of leaf mezostructure: the leaves were thickened by chlorenchyma proliferation, there was an increase in the volume of columnar parenchyma cells and linear dimensions of spongy parenchyma leaf cells. The surface density of leaves significantly increased, the chlorophyll content and nitrogen content (especially protein) also increased, compared with control variants and variants using gibberelin. Such a profound restructuring of the photosynthetic apparatus in plants under the actions of tebuconazole led to a significant increase in donor leaves function of peppers and tomatoes, which is an indicator of the growth of net productivity of photosynthesis – the highest among all the variants of the experiment. The results also show that increasing the chlorophyll phytocenotic index was more significant than the increase of leaf index: the tomatoes under the action of tebuconazole had a lower leaf index than in control options, but due to a higher chlorophyll index the crop productivity increased.Since during the fruiting period the costs of assimilates to the growth of vegetative organs are greatly reduced, optimization of photosynthetic apparatus in pepper and tomato plants led to the laying of more fruit per plant and increasing crop yield. The analysis of the mass ratio of the researched vegetative and fruit plants shows that the mass fraction of fruit (an acceptor sphere of plants during fruiting) under the action of both drugs increased. Thus in both variants of the experiment both the mass fraction and donor assimilates of leaves were higher. Apart from the main source of assimilates – the processes of photosynthesis, which intensified due to the formation of a larger area of leaf surface (variant with gibberelin) or optimization of mesostructure (variant with tebuconazole) it is probable that the formation and growth of the embryo occurred in part due to reutilization of carbohydrates from the vegetative plant organs in carpogenesis processes.

Section: вступunclassified

Impact of gibberelic acid and tebuconazole on formation of the leaf system and functioning of donor – acceptor plant system of solanaceae vegetable crops

Kuryata

Rogach²,

Buina

et al. 2017

“…The second approach is to inhibit growth and development processes, resulting in anatomic-morphological and physiological-biochemical changes necessary to optimize the production process (Kuryata et al, 2016;Kuryata & Kravets, 2018). The gibberellin inhibitors -retardants and ethylene products -are widely applied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphogenesis, pigment content, phytohormones and productivity of eggplants under the action of gibberellin and tebuconazole

Rogach

Voytenko

Shcherbatiuk

et al. 2020

Regulation of growth and development of cultivated plants in order to optimize the production process is one of the main objectives of modern plant physiology. Both activators and growth inhibitors are used for this purpose. The effect of foliar treatment with 0.005% solution of gibberellic acid and 0.025% solution of antigibberellic preparation of tebuconazole on the morphogenesis, leaf structure, photosynthetic pigment content, balance of phytohormones and eggplant productivity cv. Diamond variety was investigated. The treatment with the preparations was carried out in the budding phase. The vegetation experiment was laid under soil and sand culture in vessels of a ten-liter capacity. The morphometric parameters were determined every 10 days, the mesostructure was studied in the leaves of the middle tier in the phase of fruit formation, chlorophyll content was measured in the raw material by spectrophotometric method. Analytical determination of phytohormones (indole-3-acetic acid, gibberellic, abscisic acids and cytokinins – zeatin, zeatin-O-glucoside, zeatinriboside, isopentenyladenine and isopentenyladenosine) was performed by high performance liquid chromatography. Under the action of gibberellic acid, plant height increased significantly, and it decreased after its treatment with tebuconazole. The stimulator and inhibitor increased the number of leaves per plant, the weight of the leaf dry matter, the area of the individual leaf blade and the area of leaves per plant. Both preparations increased the weight of the raw material of the stems and roots, as well as the mass of dry matter of the whole plant. Under the action of tebuconazole, the content of chlorophylls in the leaves increased, while under the action of gibberellic acid it decreased. After treatment with gibberellic acid and tebuconazole, the thickness of the leaf blade increased due to chlorenchyma thickening. In the variant with gibberellic acid, the thickness of upper and lower epidermis increased, and in the variant with tebuconazole, these parameters decreased. Both growth regulators increased the volume of cells of the columnar parenchyma. The contet of endogenous gibberellic, indole-3-acetic and abscisic acids of the stems and especially in the leaves increased with the treatment of exogenous gibberellic acid, whereas after the application of tebuconazole the gibberellic and indole-3-acetic acid content of the stems decreased significantly and practically decreased to traces. Instead, the amount of abscisic acid increased. After treatment with exogenous gibberellic acid, the pool of cytokinins in the leaves significantly decreased. The inactive isoforms of the hormone zeatin-O-glucoside and isopentenyladenosine dominated in the stems. The effect of tebuconazole decreased the pool of cytokinins in the stems and increased in the leaves. In general, due to the multidirectional action, growth regulators positively influenced the elements of eggplant productivity. More effective was the retardant – tebuconazole. Therefore, the anatomic-morphological and structural-functional rearrangements in eggplants under the effects of exogenous gibberellic acid and tebuconazole are due to changes in the balance and distribution of endogenous hormones. Increased photosynthetic activity, stimulation of growth processes of some organs of the plant and inhibition of others enlarged the biological productivity of the culture.

“…Застосування регуляторів росту з протилежним механізмом дії для створення різного напруження донорно-акцепторних відносин у рослині дозволяє проаналізувати особливості перерозподілу асимілятів і депонованих в органах запасу резервних речовин на різних етапах онтогенезу. Такий підхід у першу чергу дозволяє штучно перерозподіляти потоки продуктів фотосинтезу до господарсько-цінних органів, тобто оптимізувати продукційний процес рослин сільськогосподарських культур (Kuriata et al, 2016). Застосування ретардантів дозволяє також забезпечити зберігання продукції.…”

Section: обговоренняunclassified

The impact of growth stimulators and retardants on the utilization of reserve lipids by sunflower seedlings

Kuryata

Poprotska

Рогач

2017

Using growth stimulators and anti-gibberillin preparations of different chemical compounds, we created different pressures in the coordinate covalent bond systems during germination of sunflower seeds. Using gibberellin and treptolem growth stimulators and Paclobutrazol and Chlormequat-Chlorid anti-gibberillin preparations is an efficient method of reconstructing coordinate covalent bond during the germination of seeds of oil-bearing crops. It allows determination of the role of the hormone factor in the utilization of reserve lipids over the heterotrophic phase of plant development. Blocking the synthesis of gibberellins by retardants caused decrease in activity of lipase, hydrolysis of reserve lipids and the meristem, which resulted in decrease in the energy of germination. Compared to the control, the impact of gibberellin increased the content of butyric acid, and the impact of Paclobutrazol reduced the content of butyric acid. Linoleic acid showed exactly the opposite changes. In relation to the control, a significant increase in the content of non-saturated linoleic acid was observed in both variants of the experiment. Gibberellic acid stimulated and Paclobutrazol slowed the usage of free higher fatty acids for the process of morphogenesis.