2009
DOI: 10.1002/poc.1520
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The use of acids, niobium oxide, and zeolite catalysts for esterification reactions

Abstract: We have evaluated the influence of alcohol/fatty acid molar ratio (methanol or ethanol), water and catalyst concentrations and temperature by the esterification of palm fatty acids by heterogeneous acid catalysts (varying types, forms, and particle size). Polynaphtalene sulfonic acid (PSA) and niobium oxide (Nb 2 O 5 ) presented better performance than zeolite catalysts. Reaction with methanol presented higher conversion than with ethanol. The experimental design showed that the most relevant variable is the c… Show more

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Cited by 79 publications
(65 citation statements)
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“…The highest yield of carbon in the solid recovered product was obtained when niobium pentoxide was used, which could be related to the dehydrating effect of the solid-acid [27]. A similar dehydrating effect could be responsible for the yields obtained from and carbon content of SN.…”
Section: Products From Sawdust Pre-processingmentioning
confidence: 85%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…The highest yield of carbon in the solid recovered product was obtained when niobium pentoxide was used, which could be related to the dehydrating effect of the solid-acid [27]. A similar dehydrating effect could be responsible for the yields obtained from and carbon content of SN.…”
Section: Products From Sawdust Pre-processingmentioning
confidence: 85%
“…Niobium (V) oxide (Nb 2 O 5 ) and sodium carbonate (Na 2 CO 3 ) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich, UK and used as additives for sawdust preprocessing. Hydrated niobium (V) oxide and niobium-based compounds have been used as solidacid catalysts for organic chemical reactions [27]. Reduced ruthenium (5 wt% loading) on alpha-alumina in powdered form was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich, UK and employed for the catalytic supercritical water gasification tests.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…O desenvolvimento de novas rotas químicas de produção de biodiesel, assim como de novos catalisadores baseados em matérias-primas de baixo custo têm como principal objetivo o estabelecimento de processos químico-industriais ambientalmente mais sustentáveis e economicamente mais vantajosos, a fim de tornar o produto comparativamente ainda mais competitivo, no rol das fontes de energia, na escala global [5]. O desafio é, sobretudo, focado no desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias industriais, por otimização do rendimento químico na reação de transesterificação, de seus custos e das consequências ambientais, na produção do biodiesel.…”
Section: Introductionunclassified
“…A hidroesterificação apresenta vantagens em relação a transesterificação, pois não há limitação na matéria-prima, sem necessidade de pré-tratamento, e caso utilize-se catalisadores heterogêneos, acabam por eliminar a formação de sabões, consequentemente eliminando as etapas de separação e produzindo uma glicerina de alta pureza com um possível reaproveitamento do catalisador (Aranda et al, 2009).…”
Section: Introductionunclassified