The use of a disease state simulation assignment increased students’ empathy and comfort with diabetes nutrition counseling

Harris, Kira B.; McCarty, Delilah J.; Wilson, Jennifer A.; Nealy, Kimberly L.; Waghel, Rashi C.; Coleman, Megan; Battise, Dawn; Boland, Cassie

doi:10.1016/j.cptl.2018.06.017

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…These studies have provided evidence of the relationships between KCES scores and positive impacts of educational interventions to improve empathy, conflict management, and willingness to provide care. [10][11][12][13][14] Yet, despite its widespread use and some validity evidence, the major source of validity evidence for the KCES is its original validation. 8 There exists an opportunity to investigate the psychometric properties of KCES using data from its many administrations, which could identify potential measurement issues or possible changes to improve the scale clarity or validity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation and Revision of the Kiersma-Chen Empathy Scale

Aronson

Chen

Blakely

et al. 2022

American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education

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This study aimed to provide further validity evidence for the KCES by analyzing data collected from multiple administrations of the KCES along with cognitive interviews of students in pharmacy and nursing programs to identify revisions of the Kiersma-Chen Empathy Scale: The KCES-Revised (KCES-R). Methods. De-identified data from previous KCES administrations were used for scale evaluation. Response process validity evidence was enhanced through cognitive interviews with 20 pre-pharmacy/pharmacy students at Cedarville University. After survey revisions, the cognitive interview process was repeated with 10 University of Wyoming nursing students.Results. Based on psychometric data and cognitive interviews, the KCES was revised as follows: (1) key components of cognitive and affective empathy were retained, (2) scaling was changed to reflect necessity and empathy ability, (3) negatively-worded items were removed, and (4) instrument was changed to two parallel subscales. Conclusion.This study used data from thousands of geographically and professionally diverse samples. Based on potential problems identified in quantitative analyses, cognitive interviews with nursing and pharmacy students were conducted, and modifications to the KCES were made. Further psychometric validation is needed regarding the KCES-R.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation and Revision of the Kiersma-Chen Empathy Scale

Aronson

Chen

Blakely

et al. 2022

American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education

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“… Tong et al (2017) used an avatar to experience the restrictions of chronic pain on daily life activities. Other studies have focused on pill burden or dietary adjustments associated with chronic illness, requiring participants to adhere to medication ( Welborn and Duncan, 1980 ; Pinkston, 2009 ) or dietary regimens ( Whitley, 2012 ; Harris et al, 2018 ). One study with student nurses placed them in a hospital bed for 4 h to experience the lack of agency as a bed-bound inpatient.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are fewer descriptions of interventions where the simulation is merged into a daily routine. Harris et al (2018) evaluated the impact of pharmacy students planning for and following a 3-day diet plan for a patient with diabetes to enhance empathy and counseling confidence; Corr et al (2017) had medical students wear a melanoma tattoo in a prominent place for 24 h. In both studies, the authors attribute this durational aspect as central to the intervention’s success in promoting empathetic perspective-taking, noting that as the simulation moved out of the classroom and into daily social interactions, the reality of the impact of patienthood is further revealed. Another attribute of the Corr et al (2017) , study was the authenticity of the simulation where the tattoo was a direct copy of an actual patient’s melanoma.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Walking in a Patient’s Shoes: An Evaluation Study of Immersive Learning Using a Digital Training Intervention

Halton

Cartwright

2018

Front. Psychol.

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Objectives: Evidence suggests that immersive learning increases empathy and understanding of the patient experience of illness. This study evaluated a digital training intervention ‘In Their Shoes’ which immerses participants in the experience of living with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), highlighting the biopsychosocial impact. The simulation program uses a mobile application to deliver time-based tasks and challenges over 36 h, supplemented with telephone role-play and ‘kit’ items to open and use. This study investigated changes in IBD understanding and connection to patients, empathy and perception of job value in a group of pharmaceutical employees. Additionally, it explored experiences and impact of taking part in the intervention.Methods: A mixed methods pre–post design was utilized, with an opportunity sample of employees taking part in the training. 104 participants from sites in 12 countries completed measures at baseline and 97 post-intervention. Measures included the Toronto Empathy Questionnaire, Prosocial Job Characteristics Scale, and structured questions around IBD understanding and connection to patients. Two focus groups (N = 14) were conducted regarding participants experiences of the intervention to complement an open-response question in the questionnaire (N = 75). Qualitative data was analyzed using thematic analysis.Results: Following the intervention, there were statistically significant increases in IBD understanding and connection to patients (p < 0.00025), evaluation of organizational innovation (p < 0.00025), empathy (d = 0.45) and prosocial job perceptions (d = 0.28). Qualitative analysis revealed more fully the transformative personal journey undertaken by participants which provided ‘eye opening’ insight into the psychosocial impact of living and working with IBD. This insight encouraged patient perspective-taking and a strong desire to promote patient advocacy and reduce stigma around chronic illness. Finally, greater organizational pride and connectivity was evident for some participants.Conclusions: An immersive training program, focussing on the lived experience of illness, led to significant increases in disease understanding and empathy. These findings align with other literature evaluating immersive learning and the potential for increasing knowledge, empathy and motivation. The present study offers opportunities to extend this outside of the body of work focussing on healthcare practitioners and explores the benefits of using this type of learning experience within an organizational setting.

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“…Researchers found students' confidence increased with diabetes counseling. 45 Pharmacy students also demonstrated an increase in confidence related to calculating and mixing parenteral nutrition solutions after an inclass simulation; however, there was no control group in this study. 37 Ultimately, simulations have the ability to put an individual in anyplace at anytime, especially simulations conducted in VR.…”

Section: Applications Of Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…7 Many studies have shown that simulations, either in VR, a computer, or in-person, facilitate learning and increase students' knowledge, specifically among medical and pharmacy students. 26,37,45,46 One VR simulation called "We are Alfred" showed an increase in medical students' knowledge of medical conditions, specifically macular degeneration (92%) and hearing loss (90%). 47 Nutrition in Medicine online instruction modules teach medical students nutrition concepts and strategies to provide appropriate nutrition education to patients in an adaptive learning format.…”

Section: Applications Of Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing the effectiveness of a SNAP simulation given to dietetics students in the classroom versus on the computer

Baughman¹

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The use of a disease state simulation assignment increased students’ empathy and comfort with diabetes nutrition counseling

Cited by 14 publications

References 19 publications

Evaluation and Revision of the Kiersma-Chen Empathy Scale

Evaluation and Revision of the Kiersma-Chen Empathy Scale

Walking in a Patient’s Shoes: An Evaluation Study of Immersive Learning Using a Digital Training Intervention

Comparing the effectiveness of a SNAP simulation given to dietetics students in the classroom versus on the computer

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