The use of a brine shrimp (Artemia salina) bioassay to assess the toxicity of diatom extracts and short chain aldehydes

Caldwell, Gary S.; Bentley, M. G.; Olive, P. J. W.

doi:10.1016/s0041-0101(03)00147-8

Cited by 73 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…This is in accordance with several studies that found that artemia greatest sensitivity to test compounds is reached at or after 48 h incubation ( Sánches-Fortún et al, 1996;Caldwell et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Toxicity assessment of crude and partially purified extracts of marine Synechocystis and Synechococcus cyanobacterial strains in marine invertebrates

Martíns

Fernández

Beiras

et al. 2007

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Among the Cyanoprokaryota, the genera Synechocystis and Synechococcus have rarely been studied with respect to potential toxicity. This is particularly true with marine environments where studies about the toxicity of cyanobacteria are restricted to filamentous forms at the warmer temperate and tropical regions and also to filamentous forms at cold seas such as the Baltic Sea. In this study, we describe the effects of cyanobacterial strains of the Synechocystis and Synechococcus genera isolated from the marine coast of Portugal, on marine invertebrates. Crude and partially purified extracts at a concentration of 100 mg/ml of freeze-dried material of the marine strains were tested for acute toxicity in nauplii of the brine shrimp Artemia salina, in the rotifer Brachionus plicatillis and in embryos of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus and the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. The cyanobacterial extracts, especially the crude extract, had an impact on A. salina nauplii. No significant toxic effects were registered against the rotifer. A negative impact of all strains was recorded on the embryonic development of the sea urchin, with toxic effects resulting in an inhibition of embryogenesis or development of smaller larvae. To the mussel embryos, the effects of cyanobacterial extracts resulted in a complete inhibition of embryogenesis. The results of all assays indicate that Synechocystis and Synechococcus marine strains contained toxic compounds to marine invertebrates.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Toxicity assessment of crude and partially purified extracts of marine Synechocystis and Synechococcus cyanobacterial strains in marine invertebrates

Martíns

Fernández

Beiras

et al. 2007

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“…The continued hatching of cysts when incubated at high test concentration (1 mg/mL) with essential oil and aqueous extracts can be predicted to be as a result of tolerance property by cysts at higher concentrations. A. salina cysts possess a resistant cyst stage which makes it tolerant to a wide range of pH ranging from freshwater to saturated saline (Caldwell et al, 2003). Similar findings by Otang et al (2013) The results showed that there was a poor cyst hatching into larvae after 36 hours when incubated with the plant fractions.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…The use of hatched larvae (nauplii) has been used to by-pass this toxin tolerant cyst stage hence lethality assay involving nauplii was employed (Caldwell et al, 2003;Otang et al, 2013). The results showed that the effect of different concentrations all the plant fractions on the mortality of larvae was in a concentration dependent fashion, hence this can be postulated that though these are toxicological data, this plant possesses pharmacological activity based on the dosage administered (Otang et al, 2013).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antifungal activity and brine shrimp toxicity assessment of <i>Bulbine abyssinica</i> used in the folk medicine in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa

Kibiti

Afolayan

2016

Bangladesh J Pharmacol

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Bulbine abyssinica is widely used in folk medicine in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal and toxicity potentials of essential oil, acetone and aqueous extracts of this species using standard procedures and brine shrimp test, respectively. The results showed that the species was active against the growth of Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum and Trichophyton rubrum among the evaluated opportunistic fungi. The toxicity results showed that the lowest cysts hatching success was observed with the essential oil, then acetone extract, with aqueous extract exhibiting the highest hatching success. Based on the criterion of toxicity indices of the lethality test, all the plant fractions exhibited LD50 values greater than 1 mg/mL hence are non-toxic. These findings indicate that B. abyssinica is a good source of antifungal agents.

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“…This bioassay provides a viable tool since A. salina is a representative species of the zooplankton community. Moreover, the brine shrimp bioassay is an inexpensive test and without ethical constraints [2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary Screening of the Bioactivity of Brackishwater Cyanobacteria: Toxicity of Crude Extracts to Artemia salina Larvae and Paracentrotus lividus Embryos

et al. 2010

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Cyanobacteria are a diverse group of Gram-negative bacteria that produce an array of secondary compounds with selective bioactivity against vertebrates, invertebrates, plants, microalgae, fungi, bacteria, viruses and cell lines. The aim of this study was to assess the toxic effects of aqueous, methanolic and hexane crude extracts of benthic and picoplanktonic cyanobacteria isolated from estuarine environments, towards the nauplii of the brine shrimp Artemia salina and embryos of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. The A. salina lethality test was used as a frontline screen and then complemented by the more specific sea urchin embryo-larval assay. Eighteen cyanobacterial isolates, belonging to the genera Cyanobium, Leptolyngbya, Microcoleus, Phormidium, Nodularia, Nostoc and Synechocystis, were tested. Aqueous extracts of cyanobacteria strains showed potent toxicity against A. salina, whereas in P. lividus, methanolic and aqueous extracts showed embryo toxicity, with clear effects on development during early stages. The results suggest OPEN ACCESS Mar. Drugs 2010, 8472 that the brackishwater cyanobacteria are producers of bioactive compounds with toxicological effects that may interfere with the dynamics of invertebrate populations.

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The use of a brine shrimp (Artemia salina) bioassay to assess the toxicity of diatom extracts and short chain aldehydes

Cited by 73 publications

References 19 publications

Toxicity assessment of crude and partially purified extracts of marine Synechocystis and Synechococcus cyanobacterial strains in marine invertebrates

Toxicity assessment of crude and partially purified extracts of marine Synechocystis and Synechococcus cyanobacterial strains in marine invertebrates

Antifungal activity and brine shrimp toxicity assessment of <i>Bulbine abyssinica</i> used in the folk medicine in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa

Primary Screening of the Bioactivity of Brackishwater Cyanobacteria: Toxicity of Crude Extracts to Artemia salina Larvae and Paracentrotus lividus Embryos

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