The use and definition of Travel-to-Work Areas in Great Britain: Some problems

A concept to define the number of functional regions: an application to NUTS 2 and NUTS 3 levels in Slovenia

“…opredeliti meje, prek katerih relativno malo ljudi potuje med svojim domom in delovnim mestom). Takšne funkcionalno sklenjene regije so zanimive za ekonomiste dela, ki opravljajo raziskave na različnih regionalnih in lokalnih ravneh, ter za različne službe državne, regionalne in lokalne uprave (Ball, 1980;Casado-Diaz, 2000). Prav tako so tokovi delavcev vozačev pomembni pri načrtovanju prometa, bivališč in druge infrastrukture.…”

A Multistage Agglomerative Approach for Defining Functional Regions of the Czech Republic: The Use of 2001 Commuting Data/ Vícestupňový aglomerační přístup k vymezení funkčních regionů České republiky: využití údajů o dojížďce z roku 2001

“…Functional regions based on the daily travel-to-work flows are referred to as local labour market areas (LLMA) or travel-to-work areas (TTWA). Both concepts are virtually identical (Klapka et al, 2013a) and were introduced into geography during the 1970s and early 1980s (Goodman, 1970;Smart, 1974;Coombes et al, 1979;Ball, 1980;. In the case that the region-organising interactions (i.e.…”

“…Goodmanm, 1970;Smart, 1974;Coombes et al, 1979;Ball, 1980). Labour commuting is the most frequent and stable regular movement of the population with a daily periodicity, and the changes in employment patterns remain modest in scale, so the use of these flows remains relevant.…”

“…Clustering methods based on graph theory approaches were proposed by Nystuen and Dacey (1961), Slater (1976), Holmes and Haggett (1977), and recently addressed by Karlsson and Olsson (2006). These clustering methods were criticised for being too heuristic (Ball, 1980;, although some of their principles appear again in the latest variant of the measures produced at the Centre for Urban and Regional Development Studies (CURDS), in Newcastle, U.K. (Coombes, Bond, 2008;Coombes, 2010), as a result of the simplification of the regionalisation algorithm. On the other hand, the clustering methods were favoured against the rulebased methods relatively recently by Cörvers et al (2009), Krygsman et al (2009), Drobne et al (2010, and by Mitchell and Watts (2010).…”

Conceptualising patterns of spatial flows: Five decades of advances in the definition and use of functional regions

“…urban, polycentric) are used to distinguish between functional regions. Thus functional regions based on travel-to-work flows are referred to as local labour market areas (originally discussed for example, by Goodman, 1970;Smart, 1974), or travel-to-work areas (originally discussed for example, by Ball, 1980;. Functional regions based on flows directly to an urban core are referred to as functional urban regions (originally discussed for example, by Berry, 1973;Hall and Hay, 1980), or, in cases where the flows have a daily rhythm as daily urban systems (originally discussed for example, by Berry, 1973;Hall, 1974;Coombes et al, 1979).…”