The Urosepsis—A Literature Review

Abstract

Urosepsis is a very serious condition with a high mortality rate. The immune response is in the center of pathophysiology. The therapeutic management of these patients includes surgical treatment of the source of infection, antibiotic therapy and life support. The management of this pathology is multidisciplinary and requires good collaboration between the urology, intensive care, imaging and laboratory medicine departments. An imbalance of pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines produced during sepsis plays an important role in pathogenesis. The study of cytokines in sepsis has important implications for understanding pathophysiology and for development of other therapeutic solutions. If not treated adequately, urosepsis may lead to serious septic complications and organ sequelae, even to a lethal outcome.

Urosepsis among Sudanese Patients: A Paradigm from Limited Resources Country

“…It's commonly causing nosocomial in origin; catheter-associated urinary tract infections [34] [35]. In this study showed 5.1% this result agrees with Guliciuc et al [36]. All isolated species from urosepsis subjects were included in the WHO list as a serious organisms requiring antibiotic intervention [37].…”

“…Increased the incidence of MDR organisms in the last few decades that causing UTI, makes the treatment process more complicated [7], this is due to empirical broad spectrum antibiotics prescription among hospitalization patients [36], it's observed that in GHRDS, the selection of antibiotics base on culture and sensitivity (C/S) wasn't usually followed. Meropenem was the most effective antibiotics against all bacterial isolates, except P. aeruginosa showed fully resistant to all classes of antimicrobial used in this study, this event was consistent with Tospon and might be show the effectiveness if used in large dose [38].…”

Sepse E Os Riscos De Sepse Em Uma Unidade De Terapia Intensiva: Revisão Integrativa

“…Em contrapartida, em um estudo realizado na Romênia, constata-se a sepse como a segunda causa de morte em pacientes internados em UTI, após pacientes com doenças cardiovasculares. Busca-se melhor compreensão, pois mesmo com os avanços relacionados ao diagnóstico precoce e rastreamento microbiano, é necessário compreender os desfechos clínico-epidemiológicos nas instituições de saúde [11][12][13][14][15] .…”

Can We Identify Patients in Danger of Complications in Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery?—A Retrospective Risk Factors Analysis

“…Nevertheless, major complications still occur, those of paramount importance are: acute urinary tract infection (UTI) and sepsis, ureteral avulsion or perforation, stricture of the ureter, vascular or enteric fistula formation, bleeding, cardiovascular events (i.e., stroke, pulmonary embolism), and death. Sepsis is defined as the dysregulated immune host response to infection triggered by simultaneous activation of proinflammatory cytokines, mainly tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL) 1 and 6, which are insufficiently suppressed by anti-inflammatory mediators including IL-4, IL-9, IL-10, epinephrine, transforming growth factor-β, soluble TNF-α receptors [23,24]. Sepsis mortality rates vary from 17.3% in general population and rise to 35.5%, if multi-organ dysfunction occurs [25].…”