The Urinary Excretion of Copper and its Concentration in the Blood of Normal Human Adults

Copper metabolism and pediatric cholestasis

“…A study in 12 healthy adults found that a dose of parenteral copper was 80% excreted in bile and 20% in the urine [12]. The copper excreted by the liver cells are bound to bile salts and other biliary compounds that prevent the reabsorption of copper [13].…”

“…It has also been suggested that although a low ceruloplasmin is not helpful, the copper to ceruloplasmin ratio is a very good monitoring parameter [16]. Because fluids can pick up copper, it is important to use needles and glass containers free of copper contamination to measure serum levels [12].…”

Copper Levels in Cholestatic Infants on Parenteral Nutrition

“…The diagnoses listed were necrotizing enterocolitis/short bowel syndrome (n = 24), gastroschisis (n = 6), and congenital heart disease (n = 2). The initial serum copper level was obtained at a median of 102 days (mean [SEM] 116 [11] days) after PN was started and the follow-up levels (second and third combined) at a median of 56 days (mean [SEM] 54 [7] days) after the initial copper level.…”

Copper Metabolism and Epilepsy: A Preliminary Report

“…As regards the normal copper levels in the various body fluids, various opinions have been expressed in the literature (13). The blood level is given as from 90 to 140 r/ 100 ml (2,9,30,33,40,42), while higher levels are mentioned by Tompsett (39), by Mandelbrote et al (29) and by Okinana et al (32), and lower levels by Butler and Newman (7). There is some difference in the amount of copper in the plasma and the cells.…”