The urban contrast: A nationwide assessment of avian diversity in Mexican cities

MacGregor-Fors, Ian; Escobar-Ibáñez, Juan F.; Schondube, Jorge E.; Zuria, Iriana; Ortega‐Álvarez, Rubén; Sosa‐López, J. Roberto; Ruvalcaba-Ortega, Irene; Almazán-Núñez, R. Carlos; Arellano-Delgado, Moisés; Arriaga-Weiss, Stefan L.; Calvo, Alejandra; Chapa‐Vargas, Leonardo; Lara, Perla X. Silvestre; García‐Chávez, Juan H.; Hinojosa, Osvel; Koller-González, Juan M.; Lara, Carlos; Aquino, Samuel López de; López-Santillán, Dulce; Maya-Elizarrarás, Elisa; Medina, Juan Pablo; Navarro, J.; García, Luis E. Murillo; Orozco, Landy; Pineda-López, Rubén; Rodríguez-Ruiz, Erick Rubén; Tinajero, Romeo; Abán, Ligia B. Torres; Vega-Rivera, Jorge H.

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141915

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Las áreas verdes de la ciudad albergan 49 % de las especies descritas para el municipio de Victoria, Tamaulipas (Cantú et al, 2020). Consideramos que es un porcentaje alto de riqueza para el área, ya que al comparar nuestros resultados con el estudio de MacGregor-Fors et al (2021) quienes analizaron las áreas verdes de 24 ciudades capitales de México, identificaron una riqueza de aves que oscila entre 13 y 38 especies de aves en las áreas verdes y atribuyen esto a la poca estructura vegetal en las áreas urbanas. Por lo que, este estudio demuestra que la presencia de parches verdes con vegetación mixta son un factor clave que explica la variación en la riqueza y abundancia de las aves.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Las áreas verdes urbanas con vegetación mixta favorecen la riqueza y abundancia de aves en Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, México

Gómez-Moreno,

González-Gaona,

Niño-Maldonado

et al. 2023

Rev. Biol. Trop.

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Introducción: La presencia y estructura de la vegetación en áreas urbanas tiene un impacto en la composición de las comunidades de aves. Las áreas verdes con una mayor proporción de vegetación introducida tienden a presentar una homogeneización de avifauna, mientras que las áreas verdes con alta proporción de vegetación nativa presentan mayor diversidad de aves. En varios trabajos realizados en áreas urbanas de México, estos factores no son tomados en cuenta. Por lo tanto, se desconocen las respuestas de las especies en términos de riqueza y diversidad. Objetivo: Analizar la composición de especies de aves en las áreas verdes de Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas y evaluar la respuesta de las comunidades de aves en tres áreas verdes con diferente composición de vegetación. Así como analizar la relación entre los gremios tróficos de aves con los elementos de la vegetación en las áreas urbanas. Métodos: El estudio se llevó a cabo en tres sitios de muestreo de Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, México, con base en dos criterios: área similar de muestreo (ha) y diferencias en las características de la vegetación. Los monitoreos se realizaron de enero a diciembre de 2020, con tres visitas mensuales en cada sitio para un total de 108 visitas, utilizando el método visual directo. Resultados: Identificamos 98 especies (11 órdenes, 28 familias). Las especies más abundantes fueron Quiscalus mexicanus y Molothrus aeneus. Hubo diferencias en la riqueza de especies para cada sitio. Las insectívoras y granívoras fueron las dominantes. Se determinó una asociación entre los gremios y los sitios de estudio, donde la mayoría están relacionados con la vegetación mixta, comparado con la vegetación homogénea o introducida. Conclusiones: Las áreas urbanas estudiadas mantuvieron un número notable de aves, y varias de ellas presentaron alguna categoría de riesgo o endemismo. Esto demuestra la importancia de estas áreas verdes como refugio de aves y resalta la necesidad de conservar y proteger dichas áreas dentro de Ciudad Victoria y ciudades similares.

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Las áreas verdes urbanas con vegetación mixta favorecen la riqueza y abundancia de aves en Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, México

Gómez-Moreno,

González-Gaona,

Niño-Maldonado

et al. 2023

Rev. Biol. Trop.

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“…Changes in biodiversity in small patches of remnant vegetation, such as isolated trees, have been associated with time elapsed since they became isolated, as well as with their connectivity to large, forested areas [38]. However, the role of isolated trees for biodiversity conservation has received less attention in urban contexts, where most studies have addressed interactions of native plants and birds [39][40][41], and to a lesser degree, arthropods [13,42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are the Interactions between Oaks and Pre-Dispersal Seed Predators Retained in Urban Environments? An Analysis of Two Quercus Species in Southern Mexico City

2022

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As urbanization proceeds, natural ecosystems surrounding cities are transformed, but usually some elements persist, notably trees from forest ecosystems. However, it is still unknown the extent to which isolated trees, immersed in an urban matrix, maintain their interactions with insects that feed on their seeds. In this work we analyzed pre-dispersal seed predation by the two main groups of insects, weevils (Coleoptera; Curculionidae) and moths (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), whose larvae feed on the acorns of two oak species (Quercus rugosa and Q. castanea). We compared these interactions between trees located in a protected forested area and trees isolated in an urban matrix. Our hypothesis was that, since pre-dispersal seed predation depends on insect dispersal, acorns from isolated trees would have lower predation levels than acorns from trees in the forest. A second hypothesis, based on reports that moths exhibit larger dispersal distances than weevils, was that isolated trees would have higher predation levels from moths than from weevils compared to their respective proportions in forest trees. Finally, we expected that moth predation would increase with seed size, as it does in weevils. We collected 1200 acorns of the two oak species (ten trees per species) in a protected oak forest and a nearby highway in southern Mexico City. From the whole sample, 17.3% of the acorns were predated by weevils and 3.8% by moths. The probability of predation was larger in acorns from trees in the forest (0.30) than in those from isolated trees (0.07), which confirmed the first hypothesis; tree species identity did not have a significant effect on the proportion of predated acorns. When only predated acorns were analyzed, predation by weevil larvae was larger than predation by moths in both oak species, although the probability of predation by weevils was higher in the oak species having large acorns (Q. rugosa, 0.93), than in the species with small acorns (Q. castanea, 0.63). Inversely, predation by moths was higher in Q. castanea (0.37) than in Q. rugosa (0.07). Seed predation decreased similarly for weevils and moths in isolated trees, so we failed to find support for our second hypothesis. A positive relationship between seed predation by weevils and seed size was found in Q. rugosa but not in Q. castanea; seed size did not affect predation by moth larvae. Therefore, although isolated trees in the urban matrix harbor smaller populations of pre-dispersal seed predators than forest trees, their interactions with the two main groups of insects feeding on acorns are maintained, which points to their importance for the conservation of urban biodiversity.

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“…Therefore, the conditions necessary for their permanence change simultaneously as the ecosystems where they are located are altered (Laurance et al., 2007; Lira et al., 2016). Urban native forests, which are remnants of an urban matrix, can be more hostile than preserved forests (MacGregor‐Fors et al., 2021) and must express adverse conditions to withstand the assembly of scorpions. The availability of spatial and trophic resources is essential to achieve favorable body conditions that allow scorpions to maintain healthy populations (Jakob et al., 1996; Møller et al., 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of landscape metrics on scorpion (Arachnida: Scorpiones) assemblage in a tropical urban ecosystem

Feitosa,

Barbosa‐da‐Silva,

Salomão

et al. 2024

Ecology and Evolution

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Urban landscapes restrain the distribution of forest‐dwelling species, which may be related to challenging conditions that impair body condition. The dynamics in urban areas lead to the simplification of communities that inhabit forest patches in cities with the turnover of sensitive species for opportunistic ones. In this study, we investigated the effect of urbanization on the body condition and diversity of scorpions at the landscape scale. Sampling was carried out in 10 forest patches in an urban matrix in Brazil, originally covered by a tropical rainforest. The surroundings of the landscape of each forest patch were characterized through the amount of forest, agriculture, and urban land cover. Individual body length, dry, lipid, and muscular masses were used as proxies of Tityus pusillus body condition. In total, 147 scorpions were collected, belonging to the species Ananteris mauryi, T. pusillus, T. stigmurus, and T. neglectus. Forest cover explained 28% of species variation. There was a positive relationship between forest cover and T. pusillus and A. mauryi abundances, while T. stigmurus was negatively affected by forest cover. Species richness and total scorpion abundance were not influenced by landscape metrics. In terms of body condition, only females of T. pusillus were affected by landscape variables, with individuals showing higher body mass with an increase in forest cover. Our results suggest that urban forests can support scorpion assemblages. However, there is a turnover in specialist forest species for opportunistic species. Forest cover is a crucial factor in maintaining healthy scorpion populations in urban areas.

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The urban contrast: A nationwide assessment of avian diversity in Mexican cities

Cited by 11 publications

References 32 publications

Las áreas verdes urbanas con vegetación mixta favorecen la riqueza y abundancia de aves en Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, México

Las áreas verdes urbanas con vegetación mixta favorecen la riqueza y abundancia de aves en Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, México

Are the Interactions between Oaks and Pre-Dispersal Seed Predators Retained in Urban Environments? An Analysis of Two Quercus Species in Southern Mexico City

Effects of landscape metrics on scorpion (Arachnida: Scorpiones) assemblage in a tropical urban ecosystem

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