The upper-mantle transition zone beneath the Ibero-Maghrebian region as seen by teleseismic Pds phases

A sporadic low‐velocity layer atop the 410 km discontinuity beneath the Pacific Ocean

“…These restrictions led to 48,180 useable S410S traces, which primarily sample the Pacific Ocean and northeast Asia (Figure 3a). Each trace was [Revenaugh and Sipkin, 1994;Vinnik and Farra, 2002;Vinnik et al, 2003;Fee and Dueker, 2004;Song et al, 2004;Gao et al, 2006;Obayashi et al, 2006;Courtier and Revenaugh, 2007;Jasbinsek and Dueker, 2007;Toffelmier and Tyburczy, 2007;Vinnik and Farra, 2007;Wittlinger and Farra, 2007;Bagley et al, 2009;Leahy, 2009;Jasbinsek et al, 2010;Schaeffer and Bostock, 2010;Tauzin et al, 2010;Vinnik et al, 2010;Schmandt et al, 2011;Huckfeldt et al, 2013;Tauzin et al, 2013;Bonatto et al, 2015;Morais et al, 2015;Thompson et al, 2015;Liu et al, 2016]. Digits indicate the reference numbers listed in supporting information Table S1.…”

“…Previous observations of an LVL‐410 under continents and continental margins [ Revenaugh and Sipkin , ; Vinnik and Farra , ; Vinnik et al , ; Fee and Dueker , ; Song et al , ; Gao et al , ; Obayashi et al , ; Courtier and Revenaugh , ; Jasbinsek and Dueker , ; Toffelmier and Tyburczy , ; Vinnik and Farra , ; Wittlinger and Farra , ; Bagley et al , ; Leahy , ; Jasbinsek et al , ; Schaeffer and Bostock , ; Tauzin et al , ; Vinnik et al , ; Schmandt et al , ; Huckfeldt et al , ; Tauzin et al , ; Bonatto et al , ; Morais et al , ; Thompson et al , ; Liu et al , ]. Digits indicate the reference numbers listed in supporting information Table S1.…”

“…The LVL‐410 was initially discovered beneath northeast Asia by Revenaugh and Sipkin [] using seismic waves reflected at the core‐mantle boundary (multiple‐ ScS reverberation). Later seismic studies using a similar technique [ Courtier and Revenaugh , ; Bagley et al , ], receiver functions [ Vinnik and Farra , ; Vinnik et al , ; Fee and Dueker , ; Jasbinsek and Dueker , ; Vinnik and Farra , ; Wittlinger and Farra , ; Leahy , ; Jasbinsek et al , ; Schaeffer and Bostock , ; Tauzin et al , ; Vinnik et al , ; Schmandt et al , ; Huckfeldt et al , ; Bonatto et al , ; Morais et al , ; Thompson et al , ; Liu et al , ], and body wave triplications [ Song et al , ; Gao et al , ; Obayashi et al , ] suggest the widespread existence of this LVL (Figure and supporting information Table S1). In addition, an electromagnetic study in the southwestern U.S. also suggests a layer with high conductivity near the 410 km discontinuity [ Toffelmier and Tyburczy , ].…”

Multiple Phase Changes in the Mantle Transition Zone Beneath Northeast Asia: Constraints From Teleseismic Reflected and Converted Body Waves

“…This complexity has been attributed to multiple phase changes in the garnet-pyroxene component, from garnet-to-ilmenite, and ilmenite-to-perovskite (Ai & Zheng, 2003). Such phase changes could also occur in the coldest regions of the MTZ below western United States and Europe, as suggested by Simmons and Gurrola (2000), Tauzin and Ricard (2014), Bonatto et al (2015), and Cottaar and Deuss (2016). A close examination of the spatial complexity of the MTZ may therefore provide a clue on the chemical and thermal conditions prevailing in the formation of the LVZs.…”

Application of Ps Scattering Kernels to Imaging the Mantle Transition Zone With Receiver Functions

“…Near‐receiver methods are able to achieve high‐resolution and continental‐scale sampling simultaneously due to observational initiatives such as the USArray (e.g., Cao & Levander, ; Cheng et al, ; Gao & Liu, ; Hier‐Majumder & Tauzin, ; Schmandt et al, ; Wang & Pavlis, ; Zhang et al, ) and other dense wide‐aperture data sets (Bonatto et al, ; Cottaar & Deuss, ; Knapmeyer‐Endrun et al, ; Liu et al, ). In the past two decades, Ps receiver functions have been widely used for imaging the mantle transition zone with several different imaging approaches.…”