The Upper Limit of Physiologic Cardiac Hypertrophy in Highly Trained Elite Athletes

Pelliccia, Antonio; Maron, Barry J.; Spataro, Antonio; Proschan, Michael A.; Spirito, Paolo

doi:10.1056/nejm199101313240504

Cited by 889 publications

(593 citation statements)

References 38 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

498

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The cardioprotector effect of the aerobic training is again observed when we verify that the ventricular cavity of the TT animals is relatively higher than in the ST animals. In an echocardiographic study (24) , the AAS increased the left ventricular wall thickness of elite athletes in more than 13mm, while mean increase in the cavity diameter was of 16mm. AAS stimulating effects on these cardiac dimensions have also been verified, including when compared with individuals who performed moderate resistance training (22) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decanoato de nandrolona aumenta a parede ventricular esquerda, mas atenua o aumento da cavidade provocado pelo treinamento de natação em ratos

Soares

Abreu

Assenço

et al. 2011

Rev Bras Med Esporte

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Anabolic androgen steroids (AASs) are drugs synthesized from testosterone. Their anabolic action is mainly due to increased synthesis and reduced degradation of muscle proteins. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of swimming training associated to nandrolonedecanoate treatment on the blood pressure, the myocardial dimensions, vascular reactivity. Forty Wistar male rats, aged 60 days, were divided into 4 groups (n = 10): sedentary (SN), sedentary treated (ST), trained (TN) and trained treated (TT). TN and TT animals performed a swimming training during 12 weeks and ST and TT animals received weekly nandrolonedecanoate (15mg/kg). The heart and testicles were removed and weighted. The left ventricular diameter (LVD) and left ventricular wall thickness (LVWT) had been measured with an electronic pachymeter. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was weekly measured, while the mesenteric arteries vascular reactivity was studied for its response to noradrenaline. There were no alterations in the heart weight, but the LVD increased (p < 0.05) in TN rats, while the LVWT increased (p < 0.05) in ST and TT rats, both in relation to SN. Testicle weight decreased (p < 0.05) in the ST and TT animals in relation to SN. There was no alteration in blood pressure, neither in vascular reactivity. It was concluded that swimming training increased the left ventricular diameter, while nandrolonedecanoate treatment increased mainly the left ventricular wall thickness, suggesting concentric hypertrophy.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decanoato de nandrolona aumenta a parede ventricular esquerda, mas atenua o aumento da cavidade provocado pelo treinamento de natação em ratos

Soares

Abreu

Assenço

et al. 2011

Rev Bras Med Esporte

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Alternatively, athletes with MF may be more prone to cardiac remodelling. Several cross sectional (George et al, 2011;Pelliccia, Maron, Spataro, Proschan, & Spirito, 1991) and longitudinal studies (Arbab-Zadeh et al, 2014; 10 ± 1 12 ± 2 PWd (mm) 9 ± 1 11 ± 1 Diastolic function (Echo) E (cm/s) 65 ± 6 62 ± 10 A (cm/s) 60 ± 11 58 ± 5 E/A ratio 1.1 ± 0.3 1.1 ± 0.2 Septal E (cm/s) 10 ± 2 10 ± 2 A (cm/s) 11 ± 2 11 ± 1 Lateral E (cm/s) 11 ± 1 14 ± 3 A (cm/s) 11 ± 2 11 ± 1 Average E (cm/s) 11 ± 1 12 ± 2 A (cm/s) 11 ± 2 11 ± 1 E/E 6 ± 1 5 ± 2 Longitudinal strain (Echo) 2CH (%) −22.7 ± 1.9 −21.9 ± 4.4 4CH (%) −21.7 ± 2.9 −22.6 ± 3. 2CH: apical two chamber view; 4CH: apical four chamber view; APLAX: apical parasternal long axis view; E: early diastolic filling (E-wave); A: late diastolic filling (A-wave); E (cm/s): early diastolic velocity of mitral annulus; A (cm/s): late diastolic velocity of mitral annulus; S (l/s): systolic strain rate; E (l/s): early diastolic strain rate; A (l/s): late diastolic strain rate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global and regional cardiac function in lifelong endurance athletes with and without myocardial fibrosis

Eijsvogels

Oxborough

O’Hanlon

et al. 2017

European Journal of Sport Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The aim of the present study was to compare cardiac structure as well as global and regional cardiac function in athletes with and without myocardial fibrosis (MF). Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging with late gadolinium enhancement was used to detect MF and global cardiac structure in nine lifelong veteran endurance athletes (58 ± 5 years, 43 ± 5 years of training). Transthoracic echocardiography using tissue-Doppler and myocardial strain imaging assessed global and regional (18 segments) longitudinal left ventricular function. MF was present in four athletes (range 1-8 g) and not present in five athletes. MF was located near the insertion points of the right ventricular free wall on the left ventricle in three athletes and in the epicardial lateral wall in one athlete. Athletes with MF demonstrated a larger end diastolic volume (205 ± 24 vs 173 ± 18 ml) and posterior wall thickness (11 ± 1 vs 9 ± 1 mm) compared to those without MF. The presence of MF did not mediate global tissue velocities or global longitudinal strain and strain rate; however, regional analysis of longitudinal strain demonstrated reduced function in some fibrotic regions. Furthermore, base to apex gradient was affected in three out of four athletes with MF. Lifelong veteran endurance athletes with MF demonstrate larger cardiac dimensions and normal global cardiac function. Fibrotic areas may demonstrate some co-localised regional cardiac dysfunction, evidenced by an affected cardiac strain and base to apex gradient. These data emphasize the heterogeneous phenotype of MF in athletes.

show abstract

“…Several studies of left and right ventricular volumes in athletes have shown physiological adaptation to training that differs from the pathological remodeling found in diseases such as hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathies (1)(2)(3)(4)(5). Furthermore, total heart volume (THV) has been shown to increase with long term endurance training, and there is a strong correlation between THV and peak oxygen uptake (VO 2 peak) (4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atrial remodelling is less pronounced in female endurance-trained athletes compared with that in male athletes

Mosén

Ehrenborg

2013

Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Upper Limit of Physiologic Cardiac Hypertrophy in Highly Trained Elite Athletes

Cited by 889 publications

References 38 publications

Decanoato de nandrolona aumenta a parede ventricular esquerda, mas atenua o aumento da cavidade provocado pelo treinamento de natação em ratos

Decanoato de nandrolona aumenta a parede ventricular esquerda, mas atenua o aumento da cavidade provocado pelo treinamento de natação em ratos

Global and regional cardiac function in lifelong endurance athletes with and without myocardial fibrosis

Atrial remodelling is less pronounced in female endurance-trained athletes compared with that in male athletes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About