The Upper Bourgeoisie from the Muslim Commercial Community of Memons in Pakistan, 1947 to 1971

Levin, Sergey N.

doi:10.2307/2643012

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…These are Memon, Delhi Saudagaran and Chinioti communities (Levin, 1974;Papanek, 1972). These communities selected because there is negligible work done to understand the entrepreneurial dynamics of these communities which involves the family and community resources to start, manage and grow businesses while also preserving the family and community.…”

Section: Phenomenon Studied Using Eisenhardt Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These communities have centuries-ofexperience being transferred from generation to generation which has not been sufficiently documented in any scientific study. The negligible literature on the entrepreneurial activity in these communities in Pakistan (Levin, 1974;Papanek, 1972) suggests that they qualify the criteria of ethnic entrepreneurship set by Aldrich and Waldinger (1990) who define ethnic entrepreneurs "as owners and operators of business enterprises" who operate using South Asian Journal of Management Sciences the "set of connections and regular patterns of interaction among people sharing common national background or migratory experience".…”

Section: Phenomenon Studied Using Eisenhardt Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Using Eisenhardt's Method to Study Ethnic Entrepreneurial Communities

Javaid¹,

Hyder²

2018

SAJMS

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The purpose of this paper is to explain the Eisenhardt case based method of theory development using an example of a study on ethnic entrepreneurial communities in Karachi. The paper servers' two purposes: (a) It serves as a guide, for the future researchers studying the entrepreneurial activity in Pakistani context, to establish the internal validity of the methodology which can be challenging particularly when the data is in the form of subjective responses of participants with a traditional sociocultural background. (b) To ensure the reliability of a case based study the detailed articulation of the research methodology is necessary, so that the future researchers can conveniently replicate the process. For these reasons the paper goes in detail to explain the intricacies and challenges faced during the nine stage process of data collection, processing, triangulation and analysis, while ensuring the internal validity of the analysis. Discussion on the outcome of the research is not included as it will require a separate paper.

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Section: Phenomenon Studied Using Eisenhardt Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Phenomenon Studied Using Eisenhardt Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Eisenhardt's Method to Study Ethnic Entrepreneurial Communities

Javaid¹,

Hyder²

2018

SAJMS

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Ethnic communities: a factor of industrial clustering

Kamran

Fan

Matiullah

et al. 2017

IJSE

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Purpose This paper not only draws conclusions from the available literature but also offers some new factors as well, which are not included in the existing literature. To be more precise, the purpose of this paper is to ascertain factors behind the clustering of the motorcycle industry, a low-tech and low investment industry. This paper weighs the government’s policies, role of factors of production, infrastructure, geography and other drivers for the subject industry and associated industries in the geographic location of Hyderabad. Design/methodology/approach For collection of data, a questionnaire was designed to survey the cluster (n=250) after reviewing the literature and conducting interviews of experts of the motorcycle manufacturing industry, i.e. owners, managers, auditors, suppliers, etc.; a component matrix was developed to reduce the dimension of factors and measure the correlation, which helped to weigh the influence of factors. A confirmatory factor analysis proposed four factors as the best fit. Findings The study conjectured a new viable factor for industrial clustering: “ethnic community,” as it acts as a catalyst to diffuse knowledge, experience and skills within the industrial cluster. Research limitations/implications This research does not find the weightage of the factors for industrial clustering, i.e. it does not calculate the influence of factors behind the industrial clustering. Practical implications The above findings aim to stimulate policy makers and researchers alike to further pursue the line of inquiry developed in this paper. Originality/value A first-time confirmatory factor analysis is used to find the reasons of industrial clustering. Root mean square error of approximation is used to test the model fit. Most importantly, it is the research about an emerging industrial cluster.

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Religious entrepreneurial communities as a solution for socioeconomic injustice

Javaid

Shamsi

Hyder

2020

JEC

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Purpose There are many entrepreneurial communities in the Asian subcontinent, which are known for their economic resilience and religious orientation but have received limited attention in extant literature. These communities include Memon, Delhiwala, Chinioti, Ismaili and Bohri, which have been persistent in keeping their members economically stable, as many centuries, while also retaining their religio-sociocultural identity. This paper aims to add to the body of literature by documenting the possible factors, which contribute toward advancing socio-economic justice for the members of respective communities. Design/methodology/approach This study uses Eisenhardth research strategy within a social constructivist paradigm to process data from in-depth interviews, memos and documentary sources to explore the internal dynamics of three most prominent of these communities (Memon, Delhiwala and Chinioti) in Pakistan. Findings The findings reveal that the secret to their resilience is, perhaps, rooted in their religio-sociocultural communal norms, which may not just ensure effective wealth redistribution among the deserving segments of the society but may also enable its deserving members to achieve self-reliance through community-supported–entrepreneurial–activity. This study proposes that a culture of community-based–family–entrepreneurship coupled with the spirit of cooperation, sacrifice and reciprocity may eliminate the possibility of socioeconomic injustice. Social implications The religious entrepreneurial communities may be seen as an alternate to free-market or state-driven methods to impart socioeconomic justice where needed. The voluntary inclination of entrepreneurs in such communities to facilitate those in need may, perhaps, reduce or even eliminate the need to involve state intervention to redistribute wealth through taxation, which may also eliminate the cost of the state bureaucracy, which is used for the collection and redistribution of taxes. Originality/value The findings add to the body of literature which could help similar communities to improve their socioeconomic stability in a just manner for all its members. Policymakers can also take notice of the religio-sociocultural norms at the source of socioeconomic justice within the respective communities to formulate policies conducive to sustaining such norms where necessary.

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The Upper Bourgeoisie from the Muslim Commercial Community of Memons in Pakistan, 1947 to 1971

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Using Eisenhardt's Method to Study Ethnic Entrepreneurial Communities

Using Eisenhardt's Method to Study Ethnic Entrepreneurial Communities

Ethnic communities: a factor of industrial clustering

Religious entrepreneurial communities as a solution for socioeconomic injustice

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