The unity of the organism; or, The organismal conception of life, by William Emerson Ritter ...

Abstract

Remarks on the relation of germ-cells togerm-layers and to the organism generally, 72. The relation of ideas and^observations as exemplified in the discussions of this chapter, 74. IV. THE ORGANISM AND ITS CHEMISTRY 75 Standpoint of the discussion that of the evolutionary naturalist, 75. The organism, as a chemical laboratory, 78. Different organisms as different chemical laboratories, 83. (a.) Different odors and flavors of animals and plants as distinguishable by man, 84. (6) Differences in animal odors as distinguished by animals themselves, 88. The naturalist's approach to biochemical problems, 90. Some biochemical results viewed from, the naturalist's standpoint, 95. (a) Reichert and Brown's results on haemoglobin, 95; (6) The precipitin reaction between bloods of different animals, 99; (c) Comparative chemistry of the sperm of different species of fishes, 102; (d) Comparative chemistry of milk of different species, 103; (e) Comparative chemistry of digestive enzymes, 104; (f) Instances in general biochemistry where interesting facts of comparative chemistry are incidentally brought out, 106. The coalescence of natural history and comparative biochemistry, 107. Provisional enumeration of chemico-naturalist inquiries, 109. Peculiar importance to natural history of the application of physical chemistry to the chemistry of living beings, 110: (a) Individuation and speciation of "organic matter" fundamental biologic facts, 111; (6) Indications that variation and individuation are primarily chemical, while constancy and uniformity are primarily physical, 115. V. THE ORGANISM AND ITS PROTOPLASM 120 Protoplasm and mystification, 120. Responsibility for the mystification of protoplasm, 121. Conception of animal sarcode and plant protoplasm as "identical stuffs," 123. Max Schultze's actual teachings as to protoplasm and sarcode, 125: (a) Cell nucleus distinct from protoplasm, but both nucleus and protoplasm essential to life of cell, 126; (6) Recognized common attributes but not identity of protoplasm in all organisms, 128. Ernst Brucke's conception of the cell as an organism, 129.Characteristic organization in all cells, 131.Results of later description and classification of cell sub-lialancini/ the account hefireen the mosaic and totipotence theories, 206. The "i>romorphology" of germ cells, 211:(a) Facts of immediate ohscrralion on which the conceji/ion rests, .'/.'; (l>) (,'round* for believing minute observable specific differences between germ cells important, 214! xxvi Contents CHAPTER PAGE (c) Reflections on a promorphology of germ cells beyond the limits of visibility, 222. IX. ORGANISMS CONSISTING OF ONE CELL 227 A. Adult form and structure. Remarks on the conception of the cell as an elementary organism, 227. Comparison of the structure of a single cell with that of organisms composed of many cells, 230: (a) Comparison of certain dilates and metazoans, 23%; (6) Comparison of a radiolarian and a jellyfish, 235; (c) Comparison of the shell of a rhizopod and a nautilus, 237. The unjustifiable conception th...

Panpsychic Organicism: Sewall Wright’s Philosophy for Understanding Complex Genetic Systems

“…Hednerson (1917), J.S. Haldane (1917), and William Ritter (1919) writing more refined treatises on the special unity of the organism. 26 Wright, ''Genic and Organismic Selection'' (1980, p. 826).…”