The Undisordered Personality: Normative Assumptions Underlying Personality Disorder Diagnoses

Leising, Daniel; Rogers, Katherine; Ostner, Julia

doi:10.1037/a0017139

Cited by 30 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 68 publications

(92 reference statements)

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“…We would like to emphasize, however, that these feelings should not necessarily be regarded as pathological, even though having them is not commonly deemed desirable or even only acceptable (cf. Leising, Rogers, & Ostner, 2009;Leising & Zimmermann, 2011). Rather, they may simply constitute the natural price of competing for power.…”

Section: Self-evaluation and Mental Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positive Self–regard and Claim to Leadership: Two Fundamental Forms of Self–evaluation

et al. 2013

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The present article examines the common factor structure of various self‐evaluative personality constructs. Consistent with previous research, we found considerable redundancy between constructs. Two basic forms of self‐evaluation could be distinguished: Positive Self‐regard (PSR) reflects people's contentedness with themselves in comparison with their own standards. Constructs such as depression, self‐esteem and neuroticism have very high loadings on this factor. In contrast, Claim to Leadership (CTL) reflects the subjective conviction that one is called to take charge and lead others. This conviction is often called ‘narcissism’. PSR mainly reflects an intra‐personal kind of self‐evaluation, whereas CTL reflects an inter‐personal kind. Both forms of self‐evaluation independently predict intellectual self‐enhancement, but only one of them (PSR) also predicts self‐reported mental health. Moreover, the two forms of self‐evaluation are differentially associated with self‐reported and peer‐reported inter‐personal traits (Dominance and Affiliation). Finally, the concepts of ‘Grandiosity’ and ‘Vulnerability’ from narcissism research may easily be reframed in terms of CTL and PSR. The two‐dimensional framework may help overcome the conceptual confusion that exists around different forms of self‐evaluation and streamline the field for future research. Copyright © 2013 European Association of Personality Psychology

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Section: Self-evaluation and Mental Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positive Self–regard and Claim to Leadership: Two Fundamental Forms of Self–evaluation

et al. 2013

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“…In other words, there is not yet a clear and agreed idea of how healthy people should be like or behave. Therefore, there is not yet a sanity nosology that comprises the elements for assessing the presence of mental health ( Wakefield, 1992 ; Sadler and Fulford, 2006 ; Leising, 2008 ; Leising et al, 2009 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Positive Personality Model (PPM): Exploring a New Conceptual Framework for Personality Assessment

Iglesia

Solano

2018

Front. Psychol.

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The aim of this paper is to explore a new framework for personality assessment that may function as sanity nosology of personality traits: the Positive Personality Model (PPM). The recent publication of DSM-5 created the opportunity to assess personality traits as dimensional constructs (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). In Section III, five maladaptive personality traits are proposed as the maladaptive versions of Five Factor Model (FFM) traits (Costa and McCrae, 1985). This approach draws on the existing idea of conceptualizing pathological and typical personality traits as part of a continuum. It places DSM-5′s maladaptive traits in a sickness pole and FFM’s traits in a “typical” pole. This spectrum, however, does not include a positive perspective that represents healthy behavior: a sanity nosology. The Positive Traits Inventory-5 (PTI-5; de la Iglesia and Castro Solano, 2018) is a measure designed to assess the positive reverse of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5-Adult (PID-5; Krueger et al., 2013). The 220 positive personality criteria were studied psychometrically using a sample of 1902 Argentinean adults from the general population (Mage = 39.10, SD = 13.81, Min = 18, and Max = 83; 50.1% females, 49.9% males). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses resulted in a five-factor solution. The dimensions were labeled Sprightliness, Integrity, Serenity, Moderation, and Humanity and subsumed under the denomination of PPM. Analyses of convergent validity provided some grounds for interpreting the five positive traits as positive versions of the pathological traits and the typical traits. When tested for its predictive capability on mental health, the PPM outperformed the variance explained by the FFM. It is concluded that the PPM may constitute a positive pole in the continuum of personality traits –possibly functioning as a sanity nosology– and that it is somewhat more related to optimal functioning than typical trait models. The PPM should be confirmed in other populations, its predictive capability ought to be tested with other relevant variables, and longitudinal studies should be done to analyze the stability of the traits over time.

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“…The availability of a conceptual framework that integrates pathological and normal classifications has generated an increased interest in the scientific community and applied fields (e.g. Huppert & So, 2013;Leising, Rogers, & Ostner, 2009). The positive traits that make up the PPM are as follows: serenity (negative affectivity in the pathological version and emotional stability in the FFM), characterised by an almost imperturbable state of peace and calmness; humanity (detachment in the pathological version and extraversion in the FFM), implying a high contextual sensitivity and an orientation towards others in terms of solidarity and assistance; integrity (antagonism in the pathological version and agreeableness in the FFM), characterised by trust, honesty and humility; moderation (disinhibition in the pathological version and responsibility in the FFM), implying caution and reflection before action; and lastly, sprightliness (psychoticism in the pathological version and openness to experience in the FFM), related to having self-confidence and clear goals, being active and feeling satisfied.…”

Section: Positive Personality Model: Positive Personality Traitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positive personality model: Which traits relate to complete mental health as conceived by the Dual Factor Model?

Iglesia¹,

Solano²

2019

Psychol. Thought

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The aim of this research was to study the association between the Positive Personality Model (PPM) traits and the state of complete mental health as conceived by the Dual Factor Model (DFM). The sample was composed of 1502 Argentinean adults from the general population (age: M = 39.79, SD = 14.23; gender: 50.1% male, 49.9% female). A cluster analysis replicated the four-group classification of the DFM: complete mental health, symptomatic but content, troubled and vulnerable. The complete mental health cluster showed a significantly higher presence of sprightliness, serenity, moderation and integrity than the other groups. As for humanity, the complete mental health and the symptomatic but content groups had the highest scores. Sprightliness and serenity increased the odds of belonging to the complete mental health group while integrity and humanity decreased these odds. Implications for the Argentinean population are discussed.

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The Undisordered Personality: Normative Assumptions Underlying Personality Disorder Diagnoses

Cited by 30 publications

References 68 publications

Positive Self–regard and Claim to Leadership: Two Fundamental Forms of Self–evaluation

Positive Self–regard and Claim to Leadership: Two Fundamental Forms of Self–evaluation

The Positive Personality Model (PPM): Exploring a New Conceptual Framework for Personality Assessment

Positive personality model: Which traits relate to complete mental health as conceived by the Dual Factor Model?

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