The Uncontrolled Sialylation is Related to Chemoresistant Metastatic Breast Cancer

Abstract

Among the scientific communities, there is a convergence of results supporting a direct relationship between dysregulated sialylation and poor prognosis in many human cancers. For this reason, we have retrospectively investigated 169 cases of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast, coming from female patients aged between 31 and 76 years old. The whole series was subdivided into two prognostic groups: the first group consisted of 138 patients, who showed a post-treatment survival time more than 5 years, while the second group was made up by 31 patients, died within 5 years despite of chemotherapy. All the surgical specimens were fixed in 10 % neutral buffered formalin, paraffin embedded and, then, submitted to routinely haematoxylin/eosin staining and to a further histochemical (Alcian Blue, DDD-Fast Blue B, Mercury Orange), immunohistochemical (ST3GAL5 sialyltransferase, Ki67, c-erbB2, ER, PR) and chemico-elemental characterization. In the 31 cases of breast cancer belonging to the second group, an overexpression of sialomucins and sialyltransferases has been detected. Our results lead us to support that in aggressive chemoresistant breast cancers, the altered expression of sialic acid, due to an uncontrolled sialylation, creates an excessive negative charge on cell membranes, which stimulates repulsion between neoplastic cells and their subsequent access into the blood stream. This event implies an early metastatization and a rapid disease progression with fatal outcome. The early application of Alcian Blue stain on diagnostic biopsies of breast cancer is able to cheaply reveal the sialomucin accumulations, providing for the disease course.

Deep inside of gastric signet-ring cell carcinoma

“…The abundant content of sialomucins inside the cytoplasm of the tumor cells gives them the typical signet-ring appearance and determines a negative electric charge on their surface. This opposes their contiguous standing and generation of budding and gland-like structures [4]. A cross-talking activated fibroblasts are considered as agents potentially favoring the growth and diffusion of the neoplastic cells [8][9][10][11].…”

“…The most commonly used system for classifying the tumor extent and spread is TNM (Tumor Node Metastasis). However, it is well-known that the system fails to consider the effects of host immune response against cancer cells and that clinical outcome can significantly vary among patients within the same TNM stage [4]. To overcome this limit, the concept of immunoscore was proposed, which incorporates immunity into tumor classification, improving the prognostic accuracy [5].…”

Potensi mikrosfer kombinasi fukoidan dan mirna-200c sebagai inovasi penatalaksanaan kanker payudara kemoresisten

“…11 Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dari Chen et al, 12 Kemoresistensi kanker payudara adalah kondisi sel kanker payudara yang resisten terhadap kemoterapi dan pembedahan. 3,15 Kanker payudara kemoresisten menyebabkan tidak efektifnya kemoterapi dalam menginduksi apoptosis pada sel kanker. 4 Kemoresisten ini dapat menginduksi kembalinya kanker payudara meskipun telah dilakukan pembedahan dan kemoterapi sebelumnya.…”

“…3,4,16 Sel kanker payudara yang aktif ini dapat menjadi target kemoterapi, sedangkan sel kanker dorman tidak dapat menjadi target terapi dikarenakan tidak mengalami proliferasi. 15,16 Hal ini yang menyebabkan sel kanker payudara sel dorman. 17 Sel dorman pada kanker payudara kemoresisten berbentuk fusiform yang dapat metastasis ataupun tetap diam pada lokasinya (Gambar 1).…”

Testosterone Aromatization to Estradiol in Course of Ovarian Functioning Brenner Tumor Associated With Endometrial Carcinoma and Endometriosis (Roncati-Manenti Triad)

“…1 Aromatase is overexpressed by most of the gynecological tumors, and it is currently considered as a therapeutic target for breast and ovarian cancers. 2 The term Brenner tumor (BT) derives from the German pathologist Fritz Brenner (1877Y 1969), who described it for the first time in 1907. 3 It is an uncommon subtype of ovarian neoplasm belonging to the surface epithelial-stromal tumor group, and it is usually an incidental finding on pelvic examination or at laparotomy.…”