The ultrastructure of Oscillatoria spongeliae, the blue-green algal endosymbiont of the sponge Dysidea herbacea

Berthold, R. J.; Borowitzka, Michael A.; Mackay, Mark A.

doi:10.2216/i0031-8884-21-3-327.1

Cited by 46 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Occasional dark-staining lipid droplets were observed but there was no evidence of stellar bodies or polyphosphate bodies in any of the sections. The cyanobacterial filaments were generally in close associa- tion with sponge cells, as described by Berthold et al (1982).…”

Section: Whole Animal Microscopymentioning

confidence: 72%

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Cellular origin of chlorinated diketopiperazines in the dictyoceratid sponge Dysidea herbacea (Keller)

Flowers

Garson

Webb

et al. 1998

Cell and Tissue Research

103

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The tropical marine sponge Dysidea herbacea (Keller) contains the filamentous unicellular cyanobacterium Oscillatoria spongeliae (Schulze) Hauck as an endosymbiont, plus numerous bacteria, both intracellular and extracellular. Archaeocytes and choanocytes are the major sponge cell types present. Density gradient centrifugation of glutaraldehyde-fixed cells with Percoll as the support medium has been used to separate the cyanobacterial symbiont from the sponge cells on the basis of their differing densities. The protocol also has the advantage of separating broken from intact cells of O. spongeliae. The lighter cell preparations contain archaeocytes and choanocytes together with damaged cyanobacterial cells, whereas heavier cell preparations contain intact cyanobacterial cells, with less than 1% contamination by sponge cells. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis has revealed that the terpene spirodysin is concentrated in preparations containing archaeocytes and choanocytes, whereas nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of the symbiont cell preparations has shown that they usually contain the chlorinated diketopiperazines, dihydrodysamide C and didechlorodihydrodysamide C, which are the characteristic metabolites of the sponge/symbiont association. However, one symbiont preparation, partitioned by a second Percoll gradient, has been found to be devoid of chlorinated diketopiperazines. The capability to synthesize secondary metabolites may depend on the physiological state of the symbiont; alternatively, there may be two closely related cyanobacterial strains within the sponge tissue.

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Section: Whole Animal Microscopymentioning

confidence: 72%

“…3), many sections showed archaeocytes surrounding cyanobacteria; the algal cells were frequently in the process of being digested by the sponge cells (Berthold et al 1982). The archaeocytes, of approximate dimensions 35 mm by 17 mm, were highly vacuolated and contained an ovoid nucleus with a prominent nucleolus (Fig.…”

Section: Whole Animal Microscopymentioning

confidence: 93%

Cellular origin of chlorinated diketopiperazines in the dictyoceratid sponge Dysidea herbacea (Keller)

Flowers

Garson

Webb

et al. 1998

Cell and Tissue Research

103

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“…(cf. O. spongeliae) has been reported from T. clinides, T. miniatum (Cox et al, 1985;Larkum et al, 1987), and some marine sponges (Berthold et al, 1982, Cox et al, 1985, its ultrastructures apparently differ from those of the type-C photosymbiont from T. clinides. Cytomorphological characteristics of type C, e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Ultrastructural and microspectrophotometric characterization of multiple species of cyanobacterial photosymbionts coexisting in the colonial ascidianTrididemnum clinides(Tunicata, Ascidiacea, Didemnidae)

Hirose

Uchida

Murakami

2009

European Journal of Phycology

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Trididemnum clinides is a multi-photosymbiotic ascidian that inhabits shallow coral reef lagoons. Three types of cyanobacteria are harboured in the tunic of the ascidian colony; of these, two are unicellular coccoid cyanobacteria and the other is a multicellular filamentous type. They also differ in ultrastructure and distribution patterns within the host tunic. Microspectrophotometric analysis revealed the composition of photosynthetic pigments in each photosymbiont. One of the coccoid types is yellowish-green and is distributed under the colony surface. This photosymbiont cell preferentially absorbs red and blue light, and therefore the dominant colour in the inner tunic is green. The other two types of coexisting photosymbionts contain the green-light-absorbing R-phycoerythrin as the major photosynthetic pigment; they exploit the wavelengths of light not used by the first type of photosymbiont. In T. clinides, the outer and inner photosymbionts in the tunic have different photosynthetic pigments, which adapt to each microhabitat, thereby sharing the incident light resources effectively.

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“…Cyanobionts contribute up to 80 % of sponge's carbon budget (Cheshire et al 1997 ) through photosynthesis or phagocytosis and digestion of symbiotic microbes (Maldonado and Young 1998 ). Coral reef sponges have been reported to be colonized by cyanobacterial symbionts belonging to the genera Synechocystis (Larkum et al 1988 ), Aphanocapsa (Feldmann 1935 ;Usher et al 2004 ), and Anabaena (Larkum 1999 ) and the species Oscillatoria spongeliae (Berthol et al 1982 ;Thacker and Starnes 2003 ;Ridley et al 2005 ). The most common sponge cyanobiont, Synechococcus spongiarum , has a generalist to specialist association pattern across distantly related host species despite their geographical isolation by distance (Erwin and Thacker 2008 ), which has been hypothesized to be the result of selective enrichment by the host (Hentschel et al 2002 ).…”

Section: Spongesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Symbionts of Plants

Thajuddin

Muralitharan

Dhanasekaran

et al. 2015

Plant Biology and Biotechnology

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Plants in nature always grow with soil microorganisms, and some become intimately associated with plants to form mutualistic symbiosis. Examples of such symbiotic microorganisms include mycorrhizal fungi, cyanobacteria, and N 2 -fi xing prokaryotes, especially rhizobia. Looser symbiotic associations involve bacteria and soil microfauna within the rhizosphere. Their metabolic activities increase nutrient availability. All of these symbioses may affect rates of growth and eventually reproduction of plants compared with growth in the absence of such associations. A symbiotic association is therefore a potential selection pressure that can infl uence the evolutionary success of vascular plants and hence the composition of plant communities. Application of associative bacteria for sustainable agriculture holds immense potential. These bacteria are known to enhance growth and yield of plants by fi xing atmospheric nitrogen, solubilization of phosphate, production of phytohormones and siderophores, possession of antagonistic activity, as well as reducing the level of stress ethylene in host plants. This review provides examples of associations and interactions between microorganisms and plants. The cyanobacterial association with various plants such as bryophyte, pteridophyte, gymnosperm, and angiosperm was illustrated. It also describes the actinorhizae, Frankia and Rhizobium , interaction with plants and their applications.

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The ultrastructure of Oscillatoria spongeliae, the blue-green algal endosymbiont of the sponge Dysidea herbacea

Cited by 46 publications

References 14 publications

Cellular origin of chlorinated diketopiperazines in the dictyoceratid sponge Dysidea herbacea (Keller)

Cellular origin of chlorinated diketopiperazines in the dictyoceratid sponge Dysidea herbacea (Keller)

Ultrastructural and microspectrophotometric characterization of multiple species of cyanobacterial photosymbionts coexisting in the colonial ascidianTrididemnum clinides(Tunicata, Ascidiacea, Didemnidae)

Microbial Symbionts of Plants

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