The Ultrastructure and Histochemistry of the Synergids of Cotton

Jensen, William A.

doi:10.2307/2439936

Cited by 80 publications

(76 citation statements)

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“…7). Although calcium has been detected in the synergid cell and the neighboring extracellular matrix, as described above (Jensen, 1965;Chaubal and Reger, 1990, 1992a, 1992bHuang and Russell, 1992;Tirlapur et al, 1993;Tian and Russell, 1997;Kristó f et al, 1999), Ca 21 may play a primary role in pollen tube discharge, gamete fusion, or both, but not in species-related pollen tube attraction. In an Arabidopsis mutant in which a plasma membrane Ca 21 pump of the pollen tube, ACA9, is disrupted, the pollen tube arrives at the embryo sac but cannot discharge its contents to the receptive synergid cell and shows overgrowth in the embryo sac (Schiøtt et al, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In vitro test results suggest that calcium is an attractant derived from the pistil, in particular the ovule Machlis, 1962, 1964;Reger et al, 1992). Using various histochemical methods including calcium antimonate precipitation, proton-induced x-ray emission, and fluorescent calcium probes, high concentrations of calcium have been observed in synergid cells and the neighboring extracellular matrices in various species (Jensen, 1965;Chaubal and Reger, 1990, 1992a, 1992bHuang and Russell, 1992;Tirlapur et al, 1993;Tian and Russell, 1997), including T. fournieri (Kristó f et al, 1999). The second potential attractant is ZmEA1 (Márton et al, 2005).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Species Preferentiality of the Pollen Tube Attractant Derived from the Synergid Cell ofTorenia fournieri

et al. 2006

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The synergid cell of Torenia fournieri attracts pollen tubes by a diffusible but yet unknown chemical attractant. Here we investigated the species difference of the attractant using five closely related species in two genera, namely T. fournieri, Torenia baillonii, Torenia concolor, Lindernia (Vandellia) crustacea, and Lindernia micrantha. These five species have an exserted embryo sac, and ablation experiments confirmed that their synergid cells attracted the pollen tube. When ovules of T. fournieri and one of the other species were cultivated together with pollen tubes of each species, pollen tubes were significantly more attracted to synergid cells of the corresponding species. The attraction was not affected by the close proximity of embryo sacs of different species. This suggests that the attractant is a species-preferential molecule that is likely synthesized in the synergid cell. The calcium ion, long considered a potential attractant, could not serve as the sole attractant in these species, because elevation of the calcium ion concentration did not affect the observed attraction. In vivo crossing experiments also showed that the attraction of the pollen tube to the embryo sac was impaired when pollen tubes of different species arrived around the embryo sac, suggesting that the species preferentiality of the attractant may serve as a reproductive barrier in the final step of directional control of the pollen tube.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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confidence: 99%

Species Preferentiality of the Pollen Tube Attractant Derived from the Synergid Cell ofTorenia fournieri

et al. 2006

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“…In all species studied, synergid degeneration occurs on pollen tube penetration ( Jensen 1965;Russell 1996), and recent work with ablation experiments clearly demonstrated that the synergids are required for pollen tube penetration into the embryo sac (Higashiyama et al 2001). Further, embryo sacs with degenerated synergids fail to attract pollen tubes (Higashiyama et al 1998).…”

Section: Successful Mating Is Preceded By a Synchronous Male-female Rmentioning

confidence: 97%

Male and female synchrony and the regulation of mating in flowering plants

Herrero

2003

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B

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Successful mating clearly requires synchronous development of the male and female sexual organs. Evidence is accumulating that this synchrony of development also persists after pollination, with both pollen and pistil following complex, but highly integrated developmental pathways. The timing of the malefemale interaction is crucial for the pistil, which, far from being a mature passive structure, is engaged in a continuing programme of development: only being receptive to the advances of the pollen for a relatively short window of time. This developmental programme is most conspicuous in the ovary, and this review focuses on the interaction between the male and female tissues in this structure. The review first considers pollen tube development in the ovary, concentrating of the mechanisms by which its growth is modulated at various control points associated with structures within the ovary. Second, alterations to this 'normal' developmental programme are reviewed and considered in the context of a breakdown of developmental synchrony. Finally, the consequences of male-female developmental synchrony and asynchrony are explored. Clearly, a synchronous male-female relationship leads to a successful fertilization. However, lack of synchrony also occurs, and could emerge as a powerful tool to investigate the regulation of mating.

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“…The egg cell lies adjacent to the two synergids, separated from them by either partia1 cell walls or the plasmalemma alone. The distribution of cytoplasm within the egg cell is highly polarized, dueto the presence of a large vacuole at the micropylar end that restricts the nucleus and most of the cytoplasm to the chalazal end (Jensen, 1965a;Schulz and Jensen, 1968b;Cass et al, 1985;Sumner and Van Caeseele, 1989). …”

Section: Egg Cellmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The synergids, which are located on either side of the egg cell, play an important role in fertilization (Jensen, 1965a;Schulz and Jensen, 1968a;see Russell, 1993, this issue). The pollen tube discharges its contents into one of the synergids prior to incorporation of the sperm nuclei into the egg and central cells.…”

Section: Synergidsmentioning

confidence: 99%