The Types Mitis, Intermedius and Gravis of Corynebacterium Diphtheriae

McLeod, J. W.

doi:10.1128/br.7.1.1-41.1943

Cited by 28 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 109 publications

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“…Importantly, the toxin gene and its NTTB-leading disruptions were also unequally distributed between Gravis and Mitis lineages. It was noted early that toxin production is less inhibited by infection-relevant iron concentrations in Gravis strains (Mueller, 1941;McLeod, 1943), and our results shed a new light and provides experimentally testable hypotheses on this critical difference in the biology of infection of the Gravis and Mitis lineages.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

“…dipht O scan also includes a prediction of the functionality or disruption of the tox gene, the most important virulence factor of CdSC isolates. dipht O scan next searches for genomic markers associated with biovars Gravis, Mitis and Belfanti, a biochemical-based classification that was initiated in the 1930s (Anderson et al ., 1931; McLeod, 1943) and which is still in use for C. diphtheriae strain characterization. IntegronFinder2 (Néron et al ., 2022) was included in the pipeline to contextualize resistance genes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several other experimentally-demonstrated virulence factors have been described in C. diphtheriae (Ott, 2018). Although early 1930s literature suggested a higher virulence of isolates of biovar Gravis (McLeod, 1943; Barksdale, 1970), it is unknown whether this historical observation applies to extant diphtheria cases, as recent Gravis isolates are more rarely tox -positive than those of biovar Mitis (Hennart et al ., 2020). More generally, the population variation of virulence factors, and its interactions with clinical outcomes, remain largely to be characterized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A globalCorynebacterium diphtheriaegenomic framework sheds light on current diphtheria reemergence

Hennart

Crestani

Bridel

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background Diphtheria, caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, reemerges in Europe since 2022. Genomic sequencing can inform on transmission routes and genotypes of concern, but currently, no standard approach exists to detect clinically important genomic features and to interpret emergence in the global C. diphtheriae population framework. Methods We developed the bioinformatics pipeline DIPHTOSCAN (available at https://gitlab.pasteur.fr/BEBP/diphtoscan) to extract from genomes of Corynebacteria of the diphtheriae species complex, medically relevant features including tox gene presence and disruption. We analyzed 101 human C. diphtheriae isolates collected in 2022 in metropolitan and overseas France (France-2022). To define the population background of this emergence, we sequenced 379 additional isolates (mainly from France, 2018-2021) and collated 870 publicly-available genomes. Results The France-2022 isolates comprised 45 tox-positive (44 toxigenic) isolates, mostly imported, belonging to 10 sublineages (<500 distinct core genes). The global dataset comprised 245 sublineages and 33.9% tox-positive genomes, with DIPHTOSCAN predicting non-toxigenicity in 16.0% of these. 12% of the global isolates, and 43.6% of France-2022 ones, were multidrug resistant. Convergence of toxigenicity with penicillin and erythromycin resistance was observed in 2 isolates from France-2022. Phylogenetic lineages Gravis and Mitis contrasted strikingly in their pathogenicity-associated genes. Conclusions This work provides a bioinformatics tool and global population framework to analyze C. diphtheriae genomes, revealing important heterogeneities in virulence and resistance features. Emerging genotypes combining toxigenicity and first-line antimicrobial resistance represent novel threats. Genomic epidemiology studies of C. diphtheriae should be intensified globally to improve understanding of reemergence and spatial spread.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A globalCorynebacterium diphtheriaegenomic framework sheds light on current diphtheria reemergence

Hennart

Crestani

Bridel

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…30 Biovar gravis isolates have been considered more virulent than biovar mitis isolates. 31 Our genomic data suggest that interlineage heterogeneity in iron acquisition, adhesion, and colonisation capacities could underlie epidemiological or clinical differences. We found that patients infected with sublineage A tended to be younger and with more frequent neck swelling.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Ongoing diphtheria outbreak in Yemen: a cross-sectional and genomic epidemiology study

et al. 2021

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Background An outbreak of diphtheria, declared in Yemen in October, 2017, is ongoing. We did a cross-sectional study to investigate the epidemiological, clinical, and microbiological features of the outbreak.Methods Probable cases of diphtheria that were defined clinically and recorded through a weekly electronic diseases early warning system (from 2017, week 22, to 2020, week 17) were used to identify trends of the outbreak (we divided the epidemic into three time periods:

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Die Diphtherie

Hottinger¹

1952

Infektionskrankheiten

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The Types Mitis, Intermedius and Gravis of Corynebacterium Diphtheriae

Cited by 28 publications

References 109 publications

A globalCorynebacterium diphtheriaegenomic framework sheds light on current diphtheria reemergence

A globalCorynebacterium diphtheriaegenomic framework sheds light on current diphtheria reemergence

Ongoing diphtheria outbreak in Yemen: a cross-sectional and genomic epidemiology study

Die Diphtherie

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