A STUDY of phenomena of auto-inhibition in bacterial cultures was published by McLeod and Govenlock [1921] in 1921 showing that a series of investigations on this subject had led to the demonstration of such phenomena in connection with the growth of many bacteria. C. Eijkman's results [1904 and 1906, 1, 2], which have been more questioned than accepted, were fully confirmed.It was shown further that the Pneumococcus, a bacterium, which did not appear to have been investigated previously in this respect, produced in the course of growth a substance inhibitory to its own growth and to that of most bacteria. This inhibitory effect was more powerful than that observed in connection with the growth of any other bacterium examined and the inhibitory substance was found to be thermolabile (850). The labile character of the substance produced suggested an analogy with toxins and ferments and for this reason the name "bactericidins" was suggested for such substances. Subsequent work has shown however that the substance produced by the Pneumococcus, at all events, is simpler in character and is in all probability hydrogen peroxide: but the question whether other bacteria produce specific inhibitory substances analogous to ferments remains an open one.A short summary of the work done to show that the Pneumococcus produces hydrogen peroxide in culture has already been published as an abstract of a communication to the Pathological Society [McLeod and Gordon, 1922].It is the purpose of this paper to give in some detail the experimental evidence for this conclusion together with some more recent observations on the subject.Conditions necessary for the production of pneumococcal inhibitory substance influid media. The original observations establishing the existence of a thermolabile bactericidal product in pneumococcal cultures had been made in solid mediaserum agar-and such were obviously unsuitable for attempting to concentrate the bactericidal substance. 33-2

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the Children's Oral Health Initiative (COHI) is to increase access to preventive oral health services provided to First Nations and Inuit (FN/I) children living on federal reserves and in remote communities.PARTICIPANTS: COHI targets preschool children; 5-7-year-olds; pregnant women; and parents/caregivers in FN/I communities. SETTING:The program was piloted in 2004 by Health Canada and is potentially available to all FN/I communities. However, the community must consent to the program's implementation and agree to support a community member to be trained as a COHI aide. INTERVENTION:Dental therapists and hygienists screen eligible children, apply fluoride varnish and sealants to children's teeth, and stabilize active dental caries with glass ionomer. An innovation was the development of a community oral health worker, the COHI Aide. The COHI Aide is a community member who serves as an advocate for preventive oral health in the community and provides instruction to children, parent/caregivers and expectant mothers in preventing dental caries.RESULTS: COHI was piloted in 41 communities in 2004. By 2014, the program had expanded to 320 FN/I communities, which represents 55% of all eligible FN/I communities. In 2012, 23,085 children had received COHI preventive oral health services. CONCLUSION:The results demonstrate COHI's success as a preventive oral health care delivery model in remote communities. Implementation and delivery of preventive oral health services has been enhanced by the sustained presence of a community-based COHI Aide.KEY WORDS: Indigenous health services; pediatric dentistry; oral health; dental caries; community health worker La traduction du résumé se trouve à la fin de l'article.Can J Public Health 2016;107(2):e188-e193 doi: 10.17269/CJPH.107.5299A pproximately 4% (1.4 million people) of the Canadian population self-identify as being of Aboriginal descent. Of these individuals, over 314,000 live in 636 communities, also referred to as federal reserves, located on lands held in trust for bands by the Crown.

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The Children’s Oral Health Initiative (COHI) is a federally funded community-based preventive dental program for children and their caregivers living in geographically isolated Canadian Aboriginal communities. The goal of the program is to improve access to preventive dental services for children of 0–7 years of age. It utilises community health workers in collaboration with dental therapists to promote and deliver the program. Almost half of the province of Manitoba’s (n=27) First Nations communities have implemented COHI since 2005. The objective of this investigation was to explore the opinions of COHI from the perspective of community members whose children had participated in the program. Purposeful selection identified caregivers of enrolled children for a semi-structured interview. The targeted caregivers had children who met at least one of the following criteria: (1) 0–2 years old; (2) 5–7 years old; (3) had two or more children either currently or formerly enrolled in COHI. Six open-ended questions guided the interview process. Content analysis was used to code transcripts and identify themes. One hundred and forty-one interviews were completed in 13 communities. Participants defined good oral health as the absence of dental cavities, which reflects a Western biomedical model of disease. The local, community-based nature of COHI was viewed as essential to its success in increasing access to preventive dental services and improving children and caregivers’ oral health knowledge and behaviours. In conclusion, a local, community-based oral health prevention programme is perceived as having a beneficial effect on children and caregivers’ oral health knowledge and behaviours. However, oral health preventive messages need to be further integrated into traditional Aboriginal holistic models of wellness.