The two-way nested global chemistry-transport zoom model TM5: algorithm and applications

Krol, Maarten; Houweling, Sander; Bregman, B.; Broek, M. van den; Segers, Arjo; Velthoven, P. van; Peters, Wouter; Dentener, Frank; Bergamaschi, P.

doi:10.5194/acp-5-417-2005

Cited by 545 publications

(508 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…with respect to a state vector of surface fluxes x. H is a Jacobian matrix of the sensitivity of the observed mixing ratios to the surface fluxes, calculated using the atmospheric transport model TM5 (Krol et al, 2005). The misfits to the measurements y and a priori fluxes x 0 are weighted by their respective uncertainties (R and B).…”

Section: Tm5 4dvarmentioning

confidence: 99%

A multi-year methane inversion using SCIAMACHY, accounting for systematic errors using TCCON measurements

et al. 2014

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Abstract. This study investigates the use of total column CH 4 (XCH 4 ) retrievals from the SCIAMACHY satellite instrument for quantifying large-scale emissions of methane. A unique data set from SCIAMACHY is available spanning almost a decade of measurements, covering a period when the global CH 4 growth rate showed a marked transition from stable to increasing mixing ratios. The TM5 4DVAR inverse modelling system has been used to infer CH 4 emissions from a combination of satellite and surface measurements for the period 2003-2010. In contrast to earlier inverse modelling studies, the SCIAMACHY retrievals have been corrected for systematic errors using the TCCON network of ground-based Fourier transform spectrometers. The aim is to further investigate the role of bias correction of satellite data in inversions. Methods for bias correction are discussed, and the sensitivity of the optimized emissions to alternative bias correction functions is quantified. It is found that the use of SCIAMACHY retrievals in TM5 4DVAR increases the estimated inter-annual variability of large-scale fluxes by 22 % compared with the use of only surface observations. The difference in global methane emissions between 2-year periods before and after July 2006 is estimated at 27-35 Tg yr −1 . The use of SCIAMACHY retrievals causes a shift in the emissions from the extra-tropics to the tropics of 50 ± 25 Tg yr −1 . The large uncertainty in this value arises from the uncertainty in the bias correction functions. Using measurements from the HIPPO and BARCA aircraft campaigns, we show that systematic errors in the SCIAMACHY measurements are a main factor limiting the performance of the inversions. To further constrain tropical emissions of methane using current and future satellite missions, extended validation capabilities in the tropics are of critical importance.Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union.

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Section: Tm5 4dvarmentioning

confidence: 99%

A multi-year methane inversion using SCIAMACHY, accounting for systematic errors using TCCON measurements

et al. 2014

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“…Soil moisture was initialized with the soil mois-ture estimation operational product developed by Gevaerd and Freitas (2006) and available at CPTEC/INPE, and the soil temperature was initialized assuming a vertically homogeneous field defined by the air temperature closest to the surface from the initial atmospheric data. The carbon data assimilation system, Carbon Tracker 2015 (Krol et al, 2005;Peters et al, 2007) with 3-2 • of spatial resolution and 34 vertical levels (available at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/ carbontracker/), provided CO 2 initial and boundary conditions. Initial and boundary conditions for carbon monoxide (CO) were based on optimized fluxes with 1-1 • of spatial resolution as calculated by the 4D-var system using the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) data taken onboard the Eumetsat Polar System (EPS) Metop-A satellite (Krol et al, 2013).…”

Section: Biosphere Model: the Joint Uk Land Environment Simulator (Jumentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the radiative effects of biomass burning aerosols on carbon fluxes in the Amazon region

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Every year, a dense smoke haze covers a large portion of South America originating from fires in the Amazon Basin and central parts of Brazil during the dry biomass burning season between August and October. Over a large portion of South America, the average aerosol optical depth at 550 nm exceeds 1.0 during the fire season, while the background value during the rainy season is below 0.2. Biomass burning aerosol particles increase scattering and absorption of the incident solar radiation. The regional-scale aerosol layer reduces the amount of solar energy reaching the surface, cools the near-surface air, and increases the diffuse radiation fraction over a large disturbed area of the Amazon rainforest. These factors affect the energy and CO 2 fluxes at the surface. In this work, we applied a fully integrated atmospheric model to assess the impact of biomass burning aerosols in CO 2 fluxes in the Amazon region during 2010. We address the effects of the attenuation of global solar radiation and the enhancement of the diffuse solar radiation flux inside the vegetation canopy. Our results indicate that biomass burning aerosols led to increases of about 27 % in the gross primary productivity of Amazonia and 10 % in plant respiration as well as a decline in soil respiration of 3 %. Consequently, in our model Amazonia became a net carbon sink; net ecosystem exchange during September 2010 dropped from +101 to −104 TgC when the aerosol effects are considered, mainly due to the aerosol diffuse radiation effect. For the forest biome, our results point to a dominance of the diffuse radiation effect on CO 2 fluxes, reaching a balancePublished by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 14786 D. S. Moreira et al.: Modeling the radiative effects of biomass burning aerosols of 50-50 % between the diffuse and direct aerosol effects for high aerosol loads. For C3 grasses and savanna (cerrado), as expected, the contribution of the diffuse radiation effect is much lower, tending to zero with the increase in aerosol load. Taking all biomes together, our model shows the Amazon during the dry season, in the presence of high biomass burning aerosol loads, changing from being a source to being a sink of CO 2 to the atmosphere.

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“…CarbonTracker derives estimates of CO 2 surface fluxes by analyzing atmospheric CO 2 observations using a transport model (Transport Model 5, TM5) (Krol et al, 2005) in combination with a land surface biospheric flux model (Carnegie-Ames-Stanford approach, CASA) (Potter et al, 1993) and fossil fuel inventories. One identified source of uncertainty in CarbonTracker estimates is from measurement errors or biases in CO 2 dry mole fractions (Masarie et al, 2011).…”

Section: Model Inter-comparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Polar Vegetation Photosynthesis and Respiration Model: a parsimonious, satellite-data-driven model of high-latitude CO<sub>2</sub> exchange

Luus

Lin

2015

Geosci. Model Dev.

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Abstract. We introduce the Polar Vegetation Photosynthesis and Respiration Model (PolarVPRM), a remote-sensingbased approach for generating accurate, high-resolution ( ≥ 1 km 2 , 3 hourly) estimates of net ecosystem CO 2 exchange (NEE). PolarVPRM simulates NEE using polarspecific vegetation classes, and by representing high-latitude influences on NEE, such as the influence of soil temperature on subnivean respiration. We present a description, validation and error analysis (first-order Taylor expansion) of PolarVPRM, followed by an examination of per-pixel trends (2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012) in model output for the North American terrestrial region north of 55 • N. PolarVPRM was validated against eddy covariance (EC) observations from nine North American sites, of which three were used in model calibration. Comparisons of EC NEE to NEE from three models indicated that PolarVPRM displayed similar or better statistical agreement with eddy covariance observations than existing models showed. Trend analysis (2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012) indicated that warming air temperatures and drought stress in forests increased growing season rates of respiration, and decreased rates of net carbon uptake by vegetation when air temperatures exceeded optimal temperatures for photosynthesis. Concurrent increases in growing season length at Arctic tundra sites allowed for increases in photosynthetic uptake over time by tundra vegetation. PolarVPRM estimated that the North American high-latitude region changed from a carbon source (2001)(2002)(2003)(2004) to a carbon sink (2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010) to again a source (2011)(2012) in response to changing environmental conditions.

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The two-way nested global chemistry-transport zoom model TM5: algorithm and applications

Cited by 545 publications

References 60 publications

A multi-year methane inversion using SCIAMACHY, accounting for systematic errors using TCCON measurements

A multi-year methane inversion using SCIAMACHY, accounting for systematic errors using TCCON measurements

Modeling the radiative effects of biomass burning aerosols on carbon fluxes in the Amazon region

The Polar Vegetation Photosynthesis and Respiration Model: a parsimonious, satellite-data-driven model of high-latitude CO<sub>2</sub> exchange

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The two-way nested global chemistry-transport zoom model TM5: algorithm and applications

Cited by 545 publications

References 60 publications

A multi-year methane inversion using SCIAMACHY, accounting for systematic errors using TCCON measurements

A multi-year methane inversion using SCIAMACHY, accounting for systematic errors using TCCON measurements

Modeling the radiative effects of biomass burning aerosols on carbon fluxes in the Amazon region

The Polar Vegetation Photosynthesis and Respiration Model: a parsimonious, satellite-data-driven model of high-latitude CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; exchange

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The Polar Vegetation Photosynthesis and Respiration Model: a parsimonious, satellite-data-driven model of high-latitude CO<sub>2</sub> exchange