The Two Faces of Diversity: The Relationships between Religious Polarization, Religious Fractionalization, and Self-rated Health

Lü, Yun; Yang, Xiaozhao Yousef

doi:10.1177/0022146520904373

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 90 publications

(115 reference statements)

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“…More importantly, religious diversity reflects the differences in religious beliefs and practices in a country. Lu and Yang 43 show that religious fractionalization is beneficial to self-rated health using survey data from 55 countries. They argue that diverse religious groups facilitate the accumulation of social capital toward one another, which benefits health and personal development.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The determinants of COVID-19 morbidity and mortality across countries

Chang

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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We identify 21 predetermined country-level factors that explain marked variations in weekly COVID-19 morbidity and mortality across 91 countries between January and the end of 2020. Besides factors commonly associated with infectious diseases (e.g., population and tourism activities), we discover a list of country characteristics that shape COVID-19 outcomes. Among demographic–geographic factors, the male-to-female ratio, population density, and urbanization aggravate the severity of COVID-19, while education, temperature, and religious diversity mitigate the impact of the pandemic on morbidity and mortality. For the political-legal dimension, democracy and political corruption are aggravating factors. In contrast, female leadership, the strength of legal systems, and public trust in government significantly reduce infections and deaths. In terms of socio-economic aspects, GDP per capita, income inequality, and happiness (i.e., life satisfaction) lead to worse COVID-19 outcomes. Interestingly, technology advancement increases morbidity but reduces mortality. For healthcare factors, SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) experience and healthcare infrastructure help countries perform better in combating the pandemic.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The determinants of COVID-19 morbidity and mortality across countries

Chang

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…In analyzing the American religious diversity, Heclo (2007) concluded that the diverse religious composition enabled an inclination toward tolerance and moderation in the USA. The moderating and liberating effects of religious fractionalization have been pointed out by many scholars (Lu and Yang, 2020;Montalvo and Reynal-Querol, 2005;Polletta and Jasper, 2001). For instance, Dorius and Firebaugh (2010) found that gender inequality declines across diverse religious and cultural traditions.…”

Section: Religious Fractionalizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accordingly, we define religious diversity as religious fractionalization by considering both the number and proportion of religious affiliations in a country. The religious fractionalization formula proposed by Herfindahl–Hirshman can effectively measure both the number and proportion of religious affiliations (Delhey and Newton, 2005; Grim and Finke, 2007; Lu and Yang, 2020; Patsiurko et al , 2012; Wuthnow, 2007; Yang and Ebaugh, 2001). where Sij is the share of religious affiliation i true(i=1 ….. Ntrue) in country j.…”

Section: Religion: Religiosity Religious Affiliations Religious Fract...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The religious diversity may impact the effects of both religiosity and religious affiliations. Hence, it is essential to consider the religious diversity of a country (Lu and Yang, 2020; Wuthnow, 2007). For example, a country dominated by one religious affiliation could be very different from a country dominated by three or five affiliations.…”

Section: Religion: Religiosity Religious Affiliations Religious Fract...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A cross-national investigation into the effects of religion on gender equality

Yeganeh

2021

IJSSP

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PurposeThis study aims to analyze the effects of religion on gender equality at the national level.Design/methodology/approachThe study distinguishes between the concepts of religiosity and religious affiliation and introduces a measure of religious diversity. The study defines religiosity and gender equality as multidimensional concepts and relies on a wide range of secondary data from credible sources such as the World Value Survey, the United Nations, Gender Gap Report and the World Economic Forum to analyze the effect of religious factors on gender equality in more than 70 countries.FindingsThe analyses show that after controlling for the effects of socio-economic development, religiosity tends to impede gender equality. It is found that Muslim and Hinduism affiliations are negatively and Protestant affiliation is positively associated with gender equality. Furthermore, Catholicism and Eastern Orthodox affiliations and religious diversity do not significantly affect gender equality.Originality/valueAt the theoretical level, this study distinguishes between religious affiliations and religiosity and relies on the modernization theory to offer valuable insights into the relationship between religion and gender equality. This study's findings could serve managers and policymakers in dealing with gender disparities in different spheres of social life at the practical level.

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“…They argue that the impact of religious diversity on different types of countries depends mainly on the efficiency of government institutions and that high religious diversity may lead to greater inter-communal tensions in countries with weak state systems, while in countries with better political systems it can have a positive impact on economic development and investment building [ 13 ]. Other studies of religious diversity have covered areas such as political economy [ 14 – 16 ], and biomedicine [ 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the trend in religious diversity: Based on the geographical perspective

et al. 2022

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The formation and development of religious diversity is a manifestation of the free expression of human thought, belief, and practice, as well as a historical premise and ideological condition for the gradual recognition and integration of modern religions into modern political values. This study examines the spatial characteristics of the development of the global religious diversity index (RDI) and the evolution trend through a geographical perspective by the LISA space-time transition and convergence test. The results show that: (1) At the temporal level, RDI showed a fast and then slow increase after WWII, with an increase of 61.11%. (2) At the spatial level, Latin America has seen the most significant increase in RDI, followed by Europe, North America and the Caribbean, while Asia has a slight decrease. (3) At the country level, most countries with the highest levels of RDI are located in North America and the Caribbean, Sub-Saharan Africa, and most of these countries have a history of being colonized. RDI was mainly influenced by factors such as the missionary effect in the colonial period, precipitation, GDP per capita, and genetic diversity. (4) The evolution of the spatial structure of global RDI has a certain path-dependent, but this trend is gradually weakening. In addition to countries’ own development, RDI is also influenced by spillover effects from the neighboring countries. (5) There is a significant σ convergence and absolute β convergence in the global RDI, and most of the continental units have club convergence, i.e., the internal differences in RDI levels at the global and regional levels are gradually narrowing, and there is a spillover effect of higher RDI levels to the surrounding lower regions, and this diffusion or influence allows the lower regions to catch up in the gap of RDI.

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The Two Faces of Diversity: The Relationships between Religious Polarization, Religious Fractionalization, and Self-rated Health

Cited by 14 publications

References 90 publications

The determinants of COVID-19 morbidity and mortality across countries

The determinants of COVID-19 morbidity and mortality across countries

A cross-national investigation into the effects of religion on gender equality

Exploring the trend in religious diversity: Based on the geographical perspective

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