The TSIS-1 Hybrid Solar Reference Spectrum

State of the Climate in 2022

“…This was also reported in the last two yearly climate reports. However, contrary to what was found for the 2021 data, the two-peak distribution in mean temperature is not clearly visible in both stations in 2022, a feature observed in the temperature records of this location in the period 2017-21 (Amador et al 2018. In terms of seasonal changes, only Liberia, Costa Rica (Tm7) had significant (in the tails of the 95% confidence distributions) below-average temperatures in all seasons.…”

“…To investigate interannual changes of subsurface salinity, all available salinity profile data are quality controlled following Boyer et al (2018) and then used to derive 1° monthly mean gridded salinity anomalies relative to a long-term monthly mean for the years 1955-2017(World Ocean Atlas 2018Zweng et al 2018) at standard depths from the surface to 2000 m. In recent years, the largest source of salinity profiles is the profiling floats of the Argo program (Riser et al 2016). These data are a mix of real-time (preliminary) and delayed-mode (scientific quality controlled) observations.…”