The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Sensor Package

Kummerow, Christian D.; Barnes, William; Kozu, Toshiaki; Shiue, J. C.; Simpson, Joanne

doi:10.1175/1520-0426(1998)015<0809:ttrmmt>2.0.co;2

Cited by 2,103 publications

(1,383 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Our brief tests with CAM5 in aquaplanet mode indicate the following deficiencies with respect to scale-awareness: (1) there is a distinct jump in the resolved cloud fraction from T42 to T85 resolution (and from 2-degree to 1-degree with the FV dycore); (2) the fraction of precipitation coming from convection changes strongly with resolution as in CAM4; and (3) CAM5 does not exhibit the scale-break in the cloud number distribution that is present in CAM4 and that has been observed by Wood and Field (2011) (i.e., there are a significant number of planetary-scale cloud systems). Issue (1) indicates that there is some form of implicit resolution-dependence in the MGP micro/macrophysics parameterization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Issue (1) indicates that there is some form of implicit resolution-dependence in the MGP micro/macrophysics parameterization. It is possible that a detailed investigation into the factors causing the implicit resolution-dependence of the RKZ micro/macrophysics package may reveal similar factors in the MGP micro/macrophysics parameterization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both of these sets of data are derived from two months of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) data (Kummerow et al, 1998) that is centered over the tropical Indian Ocean in the ± 20 • latitude, 40 • -120 • longitude region. Wilcox and Ramanathan (2001) binned the original 5 by 7 km resolution TRMM data onto a 0.25 • × 0.25 • grid for the purpose of collocating the TRMM data with top-of-atmosphere radiative flux measurements.…”

Section: Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Observed Scaling in Clouds and Precipitation and Scale Incognizance in Regional to Global Atmospheric Models

O’Brien¹,

Li²,

Collins

et al. 2013

J. Climate

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We use observations of robust scaling behavior in clouds and precipitation to derive constraints on how partitioning of precipitation should change with model resolution. Our analysis indicates that 90-99% of stratiform precipitation should occur in clouds that are resolvable by contemporary climate models (e.g., with 200 km or finer grid spacing). Furthermore, this resolved fraction of stratiform precipitation should increase sharply with resolution, such that effectively all stratiform precipitation should be resolvable above scales of ∼50 km. We show that the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM) and the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model also exhibit the robust cloud and precipitation scaling behavior that is present in observations, yet the resolved fraction of stratiform precipitation actually decreases with increasing model resolution. A suite of experiments with multiple dynamical cores provides strong evidence that this 'scale-incognizant' behavior originates in one of the CAM4 parameterizations. An additional set of sensitivity experiments rules out both convection parameterizations, and by a process of elimination these results implicate the stratiform cloud and precipitation parameterization. Tests with the CAM5 physics package show improvements in the resolution-dependence of resolved cloud fraction and resolved stratiform precipitation fraction.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Observed Scaling in Clouds and Precipitation and Scale Incognizance in Regional to Global Atmospheric Models

O’Brien¹,

Li²,

Collins

et al. 2013

J. Climate

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show abstract

“…The cold front was also observed by the Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT; Ebuchi et al 2002;Leslie et al 2008) and the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM; Simpson et al 1996) Microwave Imager (TMI; Kummerow et al 1998) …”

Section: Episode Overviewmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effect of the Andes Cordillera on Precipitation from a Midlatitude Cold Front

Barrett

Garreaud

Falvey

2009

Monthly Weather Review

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The effects of the Andes Cordillera, the major mountain range in South America, on precipitation patterns of baroclinic systems approaching from the southeast Pacific remain largely unstudied. This study focuses on a case in late May 2008 when an upper-level trough and surface cold front produced widespread precipitation in central Chile. The primary goal was to analyze the physical mechanisms responsible for the structure and evolution of the precipitation.Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model simulations indicate that as an upper-level trough approached central Chile, midtropospheric flow below 700 hPa was blocked by the high topography and deflected poleward in the form of a barrier jet. This northerly jet had wind maxima in excess of 15 m s 21 , was centered around 925 hPa, and extended westward 200 km from the mountains. It intersected the cold front, which approached from the south near the coast, thereby increasing convergence along the frontal surface, slowing its equatorward progress, and enhancing rainfall over central Chile. Another separate region of heavy precipitation formed over the upwind slopes of the cordillera. A trajectory analysis confirmed that the barrier jet moved low-level parcels from their origin in the moist southeast Pacific boundary layer to the coast. When model topography was reduced to twenty percent of its original height, the cold front advanced more rapidly to the northeast, generated less precipitation in central Chile between 338 and 368S, and produced minimal orographic precipitation on the upwind Andean slopes. Based on these findings, the high topography appears responsible for not only orographic precipitation but also for substantially increasing precipitation totals over the central coast and valley.

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“…The relevant sensors include the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I; Hollinger et al 1987), aboard the DMSP satellites and the TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI; Kummerow et al 1998). Both sensors measure upwelling microwave radiation emitted from the earth's surface and atmosphere.…”

Section: Microwave Imagerymentioning

confidence: 99%

Passive-Microwave-Enhanced Statistical Hurricane Intensity Prediction Scheme

Jones

Cecil

DeMaria

2006

Weather and Forecasting

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The formulation and testing of an enhanced Statistical Hurricane Intensity Prediction Scheme (SHIPS) using new predictors derived from passive microwave imagery is presented. Passive microwave imagery is acquired for tropical cyclones in the Atlantic and eastern North Pacific basins between 1995 and 2003. Predictors relating to the inner-core (within 100 km of center) precipitation and convective characteristics of tropical cyclones are derived. These predictors are combined with the climatological and environmental predictors used by SHIPS in a simple linear regression model with change in tropical cyclone intensity as the predictand. Separate linear regression models are produced for forecast intervals of 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 h from the time of a microwave sensor overpass. Analysis of the resulting models indicates that microwave predictors, which provide an intensification signal to the model when above-average precipitation and convective signatures are present, have comparable importance to vertical wind shear and SSTrelated predictors. The addition of the microwave predictors produces a 2%-8% improvement in performance for the Atlantic and eastern North Pacific tropical cyclone intensity forecasts out to 72 h when compared with an environmental-only model trained from the same sample. Improvement is also observed when compared against the current version of SHIPS. The improvement in both basins is greatest for substantially intensifying or weakening tropical cyclones. Improvement statistics are based on calculating the forecast error for each tropical cyclone while it is held out of the training sample to approximate the use of independent data.

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The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Sensor Package

Cited by 2,103 publications

References 8 publications

Observed Scaling in Clouds and Precipitation and Scale Incognizance in Regional to Global Atmospheric Models

Observed Scaling in Clouds and Precipitation and Scale Incognizance in Regional to Global Atmospheric Models

Effect of the Andes Cordillera on Precipitation from a Midlatitude Cold Front

Passive-Microwave-Enhanced Statistical Hurricane Intensity Prediction Scheme

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