The triple helix in developed countries: when knowledge meets innovation?

University Technology Transfer from a Knowledge-Flow Approach—Systematic Literature Review

“…For this reason, universities seeking to improve the performance of technology transfer must, among other actions: promote interaction and exchange of knowledge with actors in the innovation system [21,23,77,102,104], define their capacities for research and extension [66,77,103], and articulate the dissemination and transfer of knowledge within society and the productive sector [3,10,155], strengthen the offices, units or divisions in charge of technology transfer within the institution (OTRIS-OTT) and adopt innovation processes [8,106,155,156] promoting the creation of new technology-based companies [49,115,142].…”

“…The knowledge and technology transfer processes that take place in universities and that end up having an impact on the productive sectors have led to an increase in academic research on the subject of technology transfer [4], given that it is widely recognized that universities contribute to the social, economic, and cultural development of the regions in which they operate [5]. Although universities are dedicated to teaching and research activities, the trend is that they become involved in a "third mission", which is understood as a contribution to society through knowledge and technology transfer activities [4,5] and which contributes significantly to innovation processes in the productive sector, where technological innovation is achieved through the active flow of knowledge among knowledge actors [6][7][8].…”

“…In fact, technology transfer from universities to industry is considered a competitive strategy, given that business development can be boosted by academic research providing new scientific discoveries and advanced technologies that accelerate innovation [7][8][9]. While knowledge transfer promotes comprehension of what caused a change, technology transfer points to the means for change.…”