This study aims to review and synthesize the rapidly evolving literature on technology transfer from universities, and the concepts and models included in it, from a knowledge-flow approach to find the factors contributing to its performance. This article provides a perspective on recent work, focusing on empirical studies on technology transfer in universities conducted in the last 32 years from a knowledge-based vision. The study was carried out from a systematic literature review in the Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and SpringerLink databases on 135 articles selected and evaluated by peers from critical surveillance factors such as technology transfer, knowledge flow, and university–industry relationship, among others. It was possible to identify 75 factors that, from a knowledge-based vision and specifically from a knowledge-flow approach, permit and contribute to the performance of technology transfer generated from research processes in universities. We classified studies into four categories according to their approaches, each with their dimensions and factors: management of knowledge, resources and capabilities, management of technological transfer, and the university–industry relationship. This classification permitted not only identification but also the systematization of the different factors and related authors that, from a knowledge-flow approach, contribute to the performance of technological transfers in universities, reflecting their efficiency and effectiveness. In this respect, absorption capacity and open innovation are topics which are worthy of exploration.
Este documento presenta la evaluación de un método de clasificación de fallas en productos terminados utilizando la combinación de descriptores de color, forma y textura. Se utiliza una Máquina de Vectores de Soporte multiclase (SVM-Support Vector Machine) y se construye una base de datos anotada capturando botellas de plástico con 11 situaciones de fabricación entre botellas en buen estado y botellas con imperfectos como rasgaduras, golpes, hendiduras, etc; bajo diferentes condiciones no controladas (ruido, iluminación, escala, entre otras). La etapa de fusión propone una combinación lineal de características y para calcular el desempeño de descriptores y fusión de datos, se utilizó una metodología de validación cruzada aplicando el método de Montecarlo. La configuración de SVM utiliza la metodología multiclase “One-vs-All” con Kernel Radial Gaussiano. La detección se realiza inicialmente aplicando descriptores individuales y combinados.
El fortalecimiento de los esquemas de protección de la propiedad intelectual a nivel global es una tendencia que se reafirma con el Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Right – TRIPS establecido en 1994 en el marco de las acciones de la Organización Mundial de Comercio. Desde entonces, la discusión sobre el impacto de este mecanismo en los países en vía de desarrollo está abierta. Este artículo recoge argumentos en pro y contra del beneficio de este acuerdo y en complemento expone planteamientos que intentan una aplicación equilibrada del TRIPS que atienda tanto los intereses de países desarrollados como países en vía de desarrollo, siendo la principal conclusión la consolidación de esquemas flexibles en función de las condiciones específicas de países y de sectores.
Category (2). In this paper we propose a preprocessing method of infrared imaging (IR) system designed to estimate the infrared radiation at the scene of acquisition. Radiation in the environment is estimated by using the eye area of the individuals present in the scene, to the region of the face is calculated with different metrics which seeks to establish an estimate of the amount of IR radiation. The metrics used correspond to energy, contrast, homogeneity and entropy using the correlation matrix of gray being used in order to characterize and establish IR radiation ranges in which optimal conditions presented images in regard to their characteristics the results obtained show that the eye area used as pattern has features that could be used to estimate changes of IR radiation in the environment, so it can be used to calculate the metrics described above which will serve as input algorithms to maximize contrast and illumination compensation for the purpose of exercising adaptive corrections on image sequences. Also the contrast maximization algorithm and illumination compensation demonstrated adequate corrections on the infrared images compared to corrections made by the art without adaptability is, when IR radiation is estimated by a pattern, however noise components of the image initial produce some corrections made clearer image noise.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.